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OS 203: Skin, Muscle, and Bones > Spine and Pelvic Girdle > Flashcards

Spine and Pelvic Girdle Flashcards

1
Q

What type of cartilage covers the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral body?

A

Hyaline Cartilage

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2
Q

What is the function of the Vertebral Body?

A

Support body weight; give strength to the vertebral column

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3
Q

What type of bone makes up the vertebral body?

A

Vascular, trabecular bone

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4
Q

What is the first part of the vertebrae to ossify?

A

Pedicle

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5
Q

In what orientation does the pedicle ossify?

A

medial to lateral

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6
Q

What is the function of the pedicle?

A

Joins laminae to the vertebral body

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7
Q

What direction does the transverse process project?

A

Posterolaterally

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8
Q

What effect does the transverse process have?

A

Increases surface area for attachment of muscles that control the vertebrae

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9
Q

What direction does the Spinous Process project?

A

Posteriorly

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10
Q

Function of Spinous Process

A

Muscle attachment, mobility, and movement

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11
Q

What structure aligns the vertebrae?

A

Zygapophysis

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12
Q

Function of zygapophysis

A

movement restriction; prevents slipping of vertebra anteriorly

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13
Q

What is the most important element of the posterior elements of the vertebrae?

A

Pars Interarticularis

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14
Q

What makes up the vertebral foramen?

A

Vertebral arch + Posterior surface of vertebrae

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15
Q

Function of Vertebral Foramen

A

Passage of Spinal Cord

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16
Q

What makes up the intervertebral foramen?

A

Superior and Inferior vertebral Notches of adjacent vertebrae

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17
Q

What is the most distinctive feature of cervical vertebrae?

A

Transverse Foramen

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18
Q

What passes through the Transverse Foramen?

A

Vertebral arteries (except C7)

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19
Q

What influences the flexibility and shock absorption characteristic of vertebrae?

A

IV Discs

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20
Q

What influences the articulation, stability, and mobility of vertebrae?

A

Facet Joints
Configuration of Facet Joints
Angle/Direction of Facet Joints

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21
Q

What are the three atypical cervical vertebrae?

A

Atlas (C1), Axis (C2), C7

22
Q

Which vertebrae have costal facets?

A

Thoracic vertebrae

23
Q

What is the function of the costal facets?

A

Articulation with ribs

24
Q

How do costal facets affect movement?

A

Enhances stiffness of flexion, lateral bending, and axial rotation by 35%
Enhances stiffness of extension by 130%

25
Q

What is the least moveable vertebrae in the spine?

A

Thoracic vertebrae

26
Q

Which thoracic vertebra is atypical?

A

T1, similar spinous process like C7

27
Q

Which lumbar vertebrae have mammillary processes?

A

T9-T12

28
Q

What is the most fractured vertebra?

A

T12

29
Q

Which vertebrae have both accessory processes and mammillary processes?

A

Lumbar vertebrae

30
Q

What attaches to the accessory process?

A

Intertransversarii muscles

31
Q

What attaches to the mammillary process?

A

Multifidus and Interransversarii muscles

32
Q

What is the largest, moveable vertebra?

A

L5

33
Q

How do the facets effect movement of the lumbar vertebrae?

A

Directed 90 degrees; facilitates flexion and extension but limits rotation

34
Q

What is the sacral canal?

A

continuation of vertebral canal; contains bundle of spinal root nerves from the cauda equine (L1 vertebra)

35
Q

What are the sacral foramina?

A

Exit of posterior and anterior rami of spinal nerves

36
Q

What is an important obstetrical landmark in the sacrum?

A

Sacral Promontory

37
Q

The coccyx is a fusion of…

A

Four rudimentary coccygeal vertebrae

38
Q

Which is the largest and broadest of coccygeal vertebra?

A

Co1

39
Q

What does the coccygeal cornua articulate with?

A

Sacral Cornua

40
Q

What muscles attach to the coccyx?

A

Gluteaus Maximus, Coccygeus muscles, Pubococcygeus Muscles

41
Q

What two regions exhibit Lordosis? Kyphosis?

A

Lordosis: Cervical, Lumbar
Kyphosis: Thoracic Sacral

42
Q

Inside the womb, the primary curvature of the spine is

A

Kyphosis

43
Q

After birth, what kind of curvature is developed?

A

Secondary; Cervical Lordosis

44
Q

As a baby, what curvature is developed?

A

Second secondary; Lumbar Lordosis

45
Q

One’s center of gravity is in front of…

A

S2

46
Q

Cervical Spinal Facets are directed and allow what motion?

A

Directed 45 degrees; multidirectional and can slide over and under

47
Q

Thoracic Spinal Facets are directed and allow what motion?

A

Directed 60 degrees; Can flex, rotate and laterally bend

Limited extension; limited by thoracic rib cage in T4-9

48
Q

Lumbar Spinal Facets are directed and allow what motion?

A

Directed 90 degrees; can allow flexion and extension

Limited rotation and lateral bending

49
Q

The narrowest/smallest segment of the spinal cord:

A

T4-T9

50
Q

What is the strongest cervical vertebrae?

A

Axis

51
Q

Which vertebra contains the Vertebra Prominens?

A

C7

52
Q

The spine has the strongest stress resistance to what kind of stress?

A

Compression

OS 203: Skin, Muscle, and Bones (4 decks)

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