SPINE ANATOMY Flashcards

1
Q

how many cervical vertebrae

A

7

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2
Q

how any cervical nerves

A

8

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3
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae

A

12

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4
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae

A

5

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5
Q

how many sacral and coccygeal vertebrae

A

sacral - 5

coccygeal 4

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6
Q

what separates vertebrae

A

intervertebral discs

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7
Q

what is weight bearing part of vertebra

A

vertebral body

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8
Q

2 parts of the intervertebral disc

A

outer - annulus fibrosus

inner - nucleus pulposus

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9
Q

what part of vertebra connects to vertebral body

A

pedicles

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10
Q

what are the lateral bony prominences in the vertebra

A

transverse processes

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11
Q

what connect the vertebra to the one above

A

superior articular processes

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12
Q

what is the palpable superficial bony prominence of a vertebra

A

spinous process

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13
Q

what connects the spinous process to the rest of the vertebra

A

lamina

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14
Q

what is different about cervical vertebrae

A

have foramen transversium (vertebral arteries travel through these)
have bifid spinous processes (except atlas and C7
vertebral foramen is triangular shaped

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15
Q

what is C1

A

atlas

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16
Q

what is C2

17
Q

special feature of vertebral vertebrae

A

demi facets - connects to respective rib and rib inferior to it
costal facet on transverse processes

18
Q

what kind of joints are between vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs

A

cartilaginous joints

19
Q

what ligaments run immediately in front and behind vertebral bodies

A

anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments

20
Q

what direction is vertebral disc likely to herniate and why

A

posterolateral - posterior longitudinal ligament prevents it from going straight back so goes to one side

21
Q

what is the joint that forms between articular processes

A

facet joints

22
Q

what ligament is between the lamina of the spine

A

ligamentum flavum

23
Q

what ligament is between the spinous processes

A

interspinal ligaments

24
Q

what ligament runs posteriorly down tips of spinous processes

A

suprasinous ligaments

25
where does spinal cord end
L1/L2
26
what is name of spinal cord end
conus medullaris
27
what do spinal nerves continue as after conus medullaris
cauda equina
28
what does cauda equine become
filum terminale
29
grey/white matter is on the outside in spinal cord
white
30
spinal nerves leave above/below their named vertebra
below (except in cervical region)
31
what are the 3 parts of the trapezius
descending transverse ascending
32
what muscles are a common cause of back pain
erector spinae
33
where do erector spinae muscles attach to
common tendon attaching to sacrum and iliac crests
34
what are the 3 parts of erector spinae muscles and what do they attach to
iliocostalis - attach to rib angles and tubercles longissimus - attach to transverse processes, extends to skull spinalis - insertions to spinour processes
35
what are the deep intrinsic back muscles and what do they attach to
transversospinalis - between transverse and spinous processes
36
where do nerves supplying motor and sensory to back muscles come from
posterior spinal rami (myotome/dermatome distribution)
37
what muscles cause flexion of spine
psoas major and rectus abdominis
38
what curvatures of spine are primary and which are secondary
primary - thoracic and sacral kyphosis | secondary - cervical and lumbar lordosis
39
where is odontoid process
on C2 - axis