Anatomy 1 - PNS Flashcards
what are the basic unit of the nervous system
neurones
name the components of a neurone
cell body
nucleus
dendrites
axon
what covers the axon
myelin sheath
what are a collection of cell bodies called in CNS
nucleus
what are a collection of bodies called in the PNS
ganglion
what are the 2 main types of neurones
multipolar
unipolar
what kind of neurones are found in sensory nerves (afferent)
unipolar
what kind of neurones are found in motor neurones (efferent)
multipolar
what is a tract
a collection of axons surrounded by connective tissue and blood cells in the CNS
what is a nerve
collection of axons surrounded by connective tissue and blood cells in PNS
CN1:
modality, function and route
OLFACTORY modality = special sensory function = smell route = exits through cribiform plate of ethmoid
CN2:
modality, function, route
OPTIC modality = special sensory function = sight route = enters through optic canal and crosses at optic chiasm (above pituitary gland)
CN3:
modality, function, route
OCCULOMOTOR modality = motor function = moves muscles of eye route = exits through superior orbital fissure
what muscles does CN3 act on
levator palpebrae superioris
superior, inferior, medial rectus
inferior oblique
CN4:
modality, function, route
TROCHLEAR modality = motor function = moves superior oblique muscle route = comes from junction between pons and medulla, exits through superior orbital fissure
what are the 3 segments of CN5
TRIGEMINAL
V1 = ophthalmic
V2= maxillary
V3 = mandibular
CNV1:
modality, function, route
OPTHALMIC modality = somatic sensory function = sensation to forehead route = exits through superior orbital fissure
CNV2:
modality, function, route
MAXILLARY modality = somatic sensory function = sensation of area over the maxilla route = exits through foramen rotundum
CNV3:
modality, function, route
MANDIBULAR modality = mixed function = sensory to area over mandible, motor to muscles of mastication route = exits through foramen ovale
CN6:
modality, function, route
ABDUCENS modality = motor function = motor to lateral rectus muscle route = exits through superior orbital fissure
CN7:
modality, route, function
FACIAL modality = mixed function = motor to muscles of facial expression, stapedius + stylohyoid, special sensory to taste, somatic sensory of skin at ear, parasympathetic/secretomotor to sublingual/submandibular salivary glands and lacrimal glands route = exits through internal acoustic meatus
CN8:
modality, function, route
VESTIBULOCHLEAR modality = special sensory function = hearing and balance route = internal acoustic meatus
CN9:
modality, function route
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL modality = mixed function = parasympathetic/secretomotor to parotid glands, motor to stylopharyngeus, taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue, sensory to external and middle ear and pharynx route = exits through jugular foramen
CN10:
modality, function, route
VAGUS modality = mixed function = motor to constrictor muscles. intrinsic larynx, palate, upper 2/3rds oesophagus, parasympathetic to bronchi, digestive tract and heart route = exits through jugular foramen
what is the dermatome of the male nipple
T4
what is the dermatome of the umbilicus
T10
what are the dermatomes for posterior scalp neck and shoulder
C2-C4
what are the dermatomes of upper limb
C5-T1
what are dermatomes of lower limbs, gluteal region, perineum
L2-CO1
nerve roots of cervical plexus
C1-C4
what are the nerve roots of brachial plexus
C5-T1
What are the nerve roots of the lumbar plexus
L1-L4
what are the nerve roots for the sacral plexus
L5-S4
how does sympathetic outflow exit the spinal cord
T1 and T2 vertebrae have lateral horns where cell bodies live
describe sympathetic innervation of the heart
PREsynaptic axons synapse in T1 (cervical paravertebral ganglia)
POSTsynaptic axons pass into cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves to SA + AV nodes and myocardium
describe sympathetic innervation of the lungs
PRE synaptic axons synapse in upper thoracic paravertebral ganglia
POST synaptic pass in cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves to broncholar smooth musclesand mucous glads
CN11:
modality, function
SPINAL ACCESSORY modality = motor function = motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
CN12:
modality, function, route
HYPOGLOSSAL modality = motor function = intrinsic muscles of tongue route = hypoglossal canal
where is spinal cord found
in intervertebral foramina
what cranial nerves contain parasympathetic fibres
CN 3, 7, 9, 10
