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Neurology HK > Anatomy 1 - PNS > Flashcards

Anatomy 1 - PNS Flashcards

1
Q

what are the basic unit of the nervous system

A

neurones

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2
Q

name the components of a neurone

A

cell body
nucleus
dendrites
axon

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3
Q

what covers the axon

A

myelin sheath

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4
Q

what are a collection of cell bodies called in CNS

A

nucleus

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5
Q

what are a collection of bodies called in the PNS

A

ganglion

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6
Q

what are the 2 main types of neurones

A

multipolar

unipolar

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7
Q

what kind of neurones are found in sensory nerves (afferent)

A

unipolar

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8
Q

what kind of neurones are found in motor neurones (efferent)

A

multipolar

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9
Q

what is a tract

A

a collection of axons surrounded by connective tissue and blood cells in the CNS

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10
Q

what is a nerve

A

collection of axons surrounded by connective tissue and blood cells in PNS

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11
Q

CN1:

modality, function and route

A 
OLFACTORY
modality = special sensory
function = smell
route = exits through cribiform plate of ethmoid
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12
Q

CN2:

modality, function, route

A 
OPTIC
modality = special sensory
function = sight 
route = enters through optic canal and crosses at optic chiasm (above pituitary gland)
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13
Q

CN3:

modality, function, route

A 
OCCULOMOTOR 
modality = motor
function = moves muscles of eye
route = exits through superior orbital fissure
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14
Q

what muscles does CN3 act on

A

levator palpebrae superioris
superior, inferior, medial rectus
inferior oblique

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15
Q

CN4:

modality, function, route

A 
TROCHLEAR 
modality = motor
function = moves superior oblique muscle 
route = comes from junction between pons and medulla, exits through superior orbital fissure
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16
Q

what are the 3 segments of CN5

A

TRIGEMINAL
V1 = ophthalmic
V2= maxillary
V3 = mandibular

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17
Q

CNV1:

modality, function, route

A 
OPTHALMIC 
modality = somatic sensory
function = sensation to forehead 
route = exits through superior orbital fissure
18
Q

CNV2:

modality, function, route

A 
MAXILLARY
modality = somatic sensory
function = sensation of area over the maxilla 
route = exits through foramen rotundum
19
Q

CNV3:

modality, function, route

A 
MANDIBULAR
modality = mixed
function = sensory to area over mandible, motor to muscles of mastication 
route = exits through foramen ovale
20
Q

CN6:

modality, function, route

A 
ABDUCENS 
modality = motor
function = motor to lateral rectus muscle 
route = exits through superior orbital fissure
21
Q

CN7:

modality, route, function

A 
FACIAL
modality = mixed
function = motor to muscles of facial expression, stapedius + stylohyoid, special sensory to taste, somatic sensory of skin at ear, parasympathetic/secretomotor to sublingual/submandibular salivary glands and lacrimal glands
route = exits through internal acoustic meatus
22
Q

CN8:

modality, function, route

A 
VESTIBULOCHLEAR
modality = special sensory
function = hearing and balance
route = internal acoustic meatus
23
Q

CN9:

modality, function route

A 
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL 
modality = mixed
function = parasympathetic/secretomotor to parotid glands, motor to stylopharyngeus, taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue, sensory to external and middle ear and pharynx
route = exits through jugular foramen
24
Q

CN10:

modality, function, route

A 
VAGUS
modality = mixed
function = motor to constrictor muscles. intrinsic larynx, palate, upper 2/3rds oesophagus, parasympathetic to bronchi, digestive tract and heart
route = exits through jugular foramen
25
Q

what is the dermatome of the male nipple

A

T4

26
Q

what is the dermatome of the umbilicus

A

T10

27
Q

what are the dermatomes for posterior scalp neck and shoulder

A

C2-C4

28
Q

what are the dermatomes of upper limb

A

C5-T1

29
Q

what are dermatomes of lower limbs, gluteal region, perineum

A

L2-CO1

30
Q

nerve roots of cervical plexus

A

C1-C4

31
Q

what are the nerve roots of brachial plexus

A

C5-T1

32
Q

What are the nerve roots of the lumbar plexus

A

L1-L4

33
Q

what are the nerve roots for the sacral plexus

A

L5-S4

34
Q

how does sympathetic outflow exit the spinal cord

A

T1 and T2 vertebrae have lateral horns where cell bodies live

35
Q

describe sympathetic innervation of the heart

A

PREsynaptic axons synapse in T1 (cervical paravertebral ganglia)
POSTsynaptic axons pass into cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves to SA + AV nodes and myocardium

36
Q

describe sympathetic innervation of the lungs

A

PRE synaptic axons synapse in upper thoracic paravertebral ganglia
POST synaptic pass in cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves to broncholar smooth musclesand mucous glads

37
Q

CN11:

modality, function

A 
SPINAL ACCESSORY
modality = motor 
function = motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
38
Q

CN12:

modality, function, route

A 
HYPOGLOSSAL
modality = motor
function = intrinsic muscles of tongue 
route = hypoglossal canal
39
Q

where is spinal cord found

A

in intervertebral foramina

40
Q

what cranial nerves contain parasympathetic fibres

A

CN 3, 7, 9, 10

Neurology HK (26 decks)

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