Anatomy 1 - PNS

Question 1

what are the basic unit of the nervous system

Answer 1

neurones

Question 2

name the components of a neurone

Answer 2

cell body
nucleus
dendrites
axon

Question 3

what covers the axon

Answer 3

myelin sheath

Question 4

what are a collection of cell bodies called in CNS

Answer 4

nucleus

Question 5

what are a collection of bodies called in the PNS

Answer 5

ganglion

Question 6

what are the 2 main types of neurones

Answer 6

multipolar

unipolar

Question 7

what kind of neurones are found in sensory nerves (afferent)

Answer 7

unipolar

Question 8

what kind of neurones are found in motor neurones (efferent)

Answer 8

multipolar

Question 9

what is a tract

Answer 9

a collection of axons surrounded by connective tissue and blood cells in the CNS

Question 10

what is a nerve

Answer 10

collection of axons surrounded by connective tissue and blood cells in PNS

Question 11

CN1:

modality, function and route

Answer 11

OLFACTORY
modality = special sensory
function = smell
route = exits through cribiform plate of ethmoid

Question 12

CN2:

modality, function, route

Answer 12

OPTIC
modality = special sensory
function = sight 
route = enters through optic canal and crosses at optic chiasm (above pituitary gland)

Question 13

CN3:

modality, function, route

Answer 13

OCCULOMOTOR 
modality = motor
function = moves muscles of eye
route = exits through superior orbital fissure

Question 14

what muscles does CN3 act on

Answer 14

levator palpebrae superioris
superior, inferior, medial rectus
inferior oblique

Question 15

CN4:

modality, function, route

Answer 15

TROCHLEAR 
modality = motor
function = moves superior oblique muscle 
route = comes from junction between pons and medulla, exits through superior orbital fissure

Question 16

what are the 3 segments of CN5

Answer 16

TRIGEMINAL
V1 = ophthalmic
V2= maxillary
V3 = mandibular

Question 17

CNV1:

modality, function, route

Answer 17

OPTHALMIC 
modality = somatic sensory
function = sensation to forehead 
route = exits through superior orbital fissure

Question 18

CNV2:

modality, function, route

Answer 18

MAXILLARY
modality = somatic sensory
function = sensation of area over the maxilla 
route = exits through foramen rotundum

Question 19

CNV3:

modality, function, route

Answer 19

MANDIBULAR
modality = mixed
function = sensory to area over mandible, motor to muscles of mastication 
route = exits through foramen ovale

Question 20

CN6:

modality, function, route

Answer 20

ABDUCENS 
modality = motor
function = motor to lateral rectus muscle 
route = exits through superior orbital fissure

Question 21

CN7:

modality, route, function

Answer 21

FACIAL
modality = mixed
function = motor to muscles of facial expression, stapedius + stylohyoid, special sensory to taste, somatic sensory of skin at ear, parasympathetic/secretomotor to sublingual/submandibular salivary glands and lacrimal glands
route = exits through internal acoustic meatus

Question 22

CN8:

modality, function, route

Answer 22

VESTIBULOCHLEAR
modality = special sensory
function = hearing and balance
route = internal acoustic meatus

Question 23

CN9:

modality, function route

Answer 23

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL 
modality = mixed
function = parasympathetic/secretomotor to parotid glands, motor to stylopharyngeus, taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue, sensory to external and middle ear and pharynx
route = exits through jugular foramen

Question 24

CN10:

modality, function, route

Answer 24

VAGUS
modality = mixed
function = motor to constrictor muscles. intrinsic larynx, palate, upper 2/3rds oesophagus, parasympathetic to bronchi, digestive tract and heart
route = exits through jugular foramen

Question 25

what is the dermatome of the male nipple

Answer 25

T4

Question 26

what is the dermatome of the umbilicus

Answer 26

T10

Question 27

what are the dermatomes for posterior scalp neck and shoulder

Answer 27

C2-C4

Question 28

what are the dermatomes of upper limb

Answer 28

C5-T1

Question 29

what are dermatomes of lower limbs, gluteal region, perineum

Answer 29

L2-CO1

Question 30

nerve roots of cervical plexus

Answer 30

C1-C4

Question 31

what are the nerve roots of brachial plexus

Answer 31

C5-T1

Question 32

What are the nerve roots of the lumbar plexus

Answer 32

L1-L4

Question 33

what are the nerve roots for the sacral plexus

Answer 33

L5-S4

Question 34

how does sympathetic outflow exit the spinal cord

Answer 34

T1 and T2 vertebrae have lateral horns where cell bodies live

Question 35

describe sympathetic innervation of the heart

Answer 35

PREsynaptic axons synapse in T1 (cervical paravertebral ganglia) POSTsynaptic axons pass into cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves to SA + AV nodes and myocardium

Question 36

describe sympathetic innervation of the lungs

Answer 36

PRE synaptic axons synapse in upper thoracic paravertebral ganglia POST synaptic pass in cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves to broncholar smooth musclesand mucous glads

Question 37

CN11: | modality, function

Answer 37

``` SPINAL ACCESSORY modality = motor function = motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius ```

Question 38

CN12: | modality, function, route

Answer 38

``` HYPOGLOSSAL modality = motor function = intrinsic muscles of tongue route = hypoglossal canal ```

Question 39

where is spinal cord found

Answer 39

in intervertebral foramina

Question 40

what cranial nerves contain parasympathetic fibres

Answer 40

CN 3, 7, 9, 10