GROSS ANATOMY Flashcards
layers of the scalp
Skin Connective tissue Aponeurosis Loose connective tissue Periosteum
what layer of scalp contains arteries to scalp
connective tissue
what are the bones of the cranium
frontal ethmoid parietal sphenoid temporal occipital
bones of the face
frontal bones zygoma nasal and inferior nasal conchae maxilla mandible palatine (2 make hard palate) vomer (posterior nasal septum)
what are the sutures of the skull
coronal suture (splits body into back and front) sagittal suture (separates body into left and right) lambdoid suture (fuses occipital bone to parietal)
what kind of joints are the sutures
fibrous
what are the areas called where the sutures meet in neonates
fontanelles (frontal and occipital)
what is a point of weakness in the head
pterion - H shaped junction between frontal, temporal, parietal and sphenoid bones
what runs under pterion
middle meningeal artery
what can injury of the pterion cause
extradural haematoma
what are the only 2 nerves not to arise from the brain stem
CN I olfactory (travels anteriorly) and II - from cerebrum
what cranial nerves arise from the midbrain
CN IV trochlear
what nerve arises from midbrain-pontine junction
CN III occulomotor
what nerve arises from the pons
CN V trigeminal (big nerve that splits into 3 divisions)
what nerves arise from pontine-medulla junction
from medial to lateral:
CN VI abducens
CN VII facial
CN VIII vestibulochlear
what nerves arise from medulla oblongata
CN IX glossopharyngeal
CN X vagus
CN XI spinal accessory
CN XII hypoglossal
what fossa does CN I travel through
cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
what does CN II travel through
optic canal
what does CN III travel through
superior orbital fissure
what does CN IV travel through
superior orbital fissure
what does CN V1 (ophthalmic) travel through
superior orbital fissure
what does CN V2 travel through
foramen rotundum
what does CN V3 travel through
foramen ovale
what does CN VI travel through
superior orbital fissure
what does CN VII travel through
internal acoustic meatus
what does CN VIII travel through
internal acoustic meatus
what does CN IX travel through
jugular foramen
what does CN X travel through
jugular foramen
what does CN XI travel through
jugular foramen
what does hypoglossal travel through
hypoglossal canal
what cranial fossae are in the sphenoid bone
optic canal (most medial) superior orbital fissure (edge between greater and lesser wing) foramen rotundum (immediately posterior to superior orbital fissure) foramen ovale (lateral posterior greater wing)
what 2 foramen are between sphenoid and temporal bone and what do they carry
spinosum - meningeal arteries (lateral)
lacerum - internal carotid (posterior)
what cranial fossae are in temporal bone
internal acoustic meatus (petrous temporal bone)
what cranial fossae are between temporal and occipital bones
jugular foramen
large cranial fossa in occipital bone
foramen magnum
what are the arteries supplying the scalp branches of
ECA
what is the middle meningeal artery a branch of
maxillary artery (ECA)
what are the vertebral arteries branches of
subclavian arteries
how do the vertebral arteries travel up the spine
through transverse processes of cervical vertebrae (foramen transversarium)
what is venous drainage of brain and meninges
dural venous sinuses
what is venous drainage of scalp and face
internal/external jugular veins
where does external jugular vein drain into
subclavian vein
how does internal jugular vein descend in the neck
in carotid sheath
what structures are in the carotid sheath
common carotid artery
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve
what do internal jugular vein and subclavian vein join to make
brachiocephalic vein
what do brachiocephalic veins join to make
superior vena cava
