GROSS ANATOMY

Question 1

layers of the scalp

Answer 1

Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis 
Loose connective tissue
Periosteum

Question 2

what layer of scalp contains arteries to scalp

Answer 2

connective tissue

Question 3

what are the bones of the cranium

Answer 3

frontal
ethmoid
parietal 
sphenoid
temporal
occipital

Question 4

bones of the face

Answer 4

frontal bones 
zygoma 
nasal and inferior nasal conchae
maxilla 
mandible 
palatine (2 make hard palate)
vomer (posterior nasal septum)

Question 5

what are the sutures of the skull

Answer 5

coronal suture (splits body into back and front)
sagittal suture (separates body into left and right)
lambdoid suture (fuses occipital bone to parietal)

Question 6

what kind of joints are the sutures

Answer 6

fibrous

Question 7

what are the areas called where the sutures meet in neonates

Answer 7

fontanelles (frontal and occipital)

Question 8

what is a point of weakness in the head

Answer 8

pterion - H shaped junction between frontal, temporal, parietal and sphenoid bones

Question 9

what runs under pterion

Answer 9

middle meningeal artery

Question 10

what can injury of the pterion cause

Answer 10

extradural haematoma

Question 11

what are the only 2 nerves not to arise from the brain stem

Answer 11

CN I olfactory (travels anteriorly) and II - from cerebrum

Question 12

what cranial nerves arise from the midbrain

Answer 12

CN IV trochlear

Question 13

what nerve arises from midbrain-pontine junction

Answer 13

CN III occulomotor

Question 14

what nerve arises from the pons

Answer 14

CN V trigeminal (big nerve that splits into 3 divisions)

Question 15

what nerves arise from pontine-medulla junction

Answer 15

from medial to lateral:
CN VI abducens
CN VII facial
CN VIII vestibulochlear

Question 16

what nerves arise from medulla oblongata

Answer 16

CN IX glossopharyngeal
CN X vagus
CN XI spinal accessory
CN XII hypoglossal

Question 17

what fossa does CN I travel through

Answer 17

cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

Question 18

what does CN II travel through

Answer 18

optic canal

Question 19

what does CN III travel through

Answer 19

superior orbital fissure

Question 20

what does CN IV travel through

Answer 20

superior orbital fissure

Question 21

what does CN V1 (ophthalmic) travel through

Answer 21

superior orbital fissure

Question 22

what does CN V2 travel through

Answer 22

foramen rotundum

Question 23

what does CN V3 travel through

Answer 23

foramen ovale

Question 24

what does CN VI travel through

Answer 24

superior orbital fissure

Question 25

what does CN VII travel through

Answer 25

internal acoustic meatus

Question 26

what does CN VIII travel through

Answer 26

internal acoustic meatus

Question 27

what does CN IX travel through

Answer 27

jugular foramen

Question 28

what does CN X travel through

Answer 28

jugular foramen

Question 29

what does CN XI travel through

Answer 29

jugular foramen

Question 30

what does hypoglossal travel through

Answer 30

hypoglossal canal

Question 31

what cranial fossae are in the sphenoid bone

Answer 31

``` optic canal (most medial) superior orbital fissure (edge between greater and lesser wing) foramen rotundum (immediately posterior to superior orbital fissure) foramen ovale (lateral posterior greater wing) ```

Question 32

what 2 foramen are between sphenoid and temporal bone and what do they carry

Answer 32

spinosum - meningeal arteries (lateral) | lacerum - internal carotid (posterior)

Question 33

what cranial fossae are in temporal bone

Answer 33

internal acoustic meatus (petrous temporal bone)

Question 34

what cranial fossae are between temporal and occipital bones

Answer 34

jugular foramen

Question 35

large cranial fossa in occipital bone

Answer 35

foramen magnum

Question 36

what are the arteries supplying the scalp branches of

Answer 36

ECA

Question 37

what is the middle meningeal artery a branch of

Answer 37

maxillary artery (ECA)

Question 38

what are the vertebral arteries branches of

Answer 38

subclavian arteries

Question 39

how do the vertebral arteries travel up the spine

Answer 39

through transverse processes of cervical vertebrae (foramen transversarium)

Question 40

what is venous drainage of brain and meninges

Answer 40

dural venous sinuses

Question 41

what is venous drainage of scalp and face

Answer 41

internal/external jugular veins

Question 42

where does external jugular vein drain into

Answer 42

subclavian vein

Question 43

how does internal jugular vein descend in the neck

Answer 43

in carotid sheath

Question 44

what structures are in the carotid sheath

Answer 44

common carotid artery internal jugular vein vagus nerve

Question 45

what do internal jugular vein and subclavian vein join to make

Answer 45

brachiocephalic vein

Question 46

what do brachiocephalic veins join to make

Answer 46

superior vena cava