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L3 > Spine > Flashcards

Spine Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones in the spine

A

33

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2
Q

How many vetebrae are there?

A

24

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3
Q

What other bones are there in the spine? (not the vertebrae)

A

Sacrum & Coccyx

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4
Q

What are the 5 functions of the spine?

A

structural support, upright posture, houses and protects spinal cord, enables motion through axial skeleton, protects organs such as heart and lungs

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5
Q

What are the 4 natural curves (regions) of the spine?

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

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6
Q

What 2 types of curves make up the spine?

A

Kyphotic and Lordotic

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7
Q

Define Spinal Stabilization

A

Maintaining neutral spine or maintaining the curves during movement

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8
Q

What is another name for spinal stabilization?

A

core stabilization

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9
Q

What 4 parts make up a spinal vertebrae

A

Body, Vertebral Arch, Spinal Foramen, Facet Joint

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10
Q

What is the purpose of the “body” of the vertebrae

A

Load bearing

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the Vertebral Arch?

A

Serves as attachment points for muscles and ligaments

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12
Q

Name the 2 part of the Vertebral Arch

A

Pedicles and Laminae

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the Spinal Foramen

A

Houses the Spinal Cord

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14
Q

What is the purpose of Facet Joints

A

Interaction with other vertebrase

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15
Q

Where are the Atlas and Axis of the spine? Or what letter and number designation are they given?

A

Upper-most levels of the Cervical vertbrae, C1 & C2

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16
Q

What is the key feature of the C1 &C2 vertebrae?

A

Much more transverse rotation that all other vertebrae

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17
Q

What are intervertebral discs?

A

Fibrocartilage between the vertebrae

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18
Q

What’s the centre of the Intervertebral disc called

A

Nucleus Pulposus

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19
Q

Name 2 common diagnoses of back pain associated with Intervertebral discs

A

Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD), Disc Herniations

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20
Q

What is DDD?

A

Gradual degradation of the disc over years

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21
Q

Name factors linked to developing DDD

A

Age, genetics, physical labour, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking

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22
Q

What is a disc herniation?

A

Migration of the nucleus pulposus through the layers of the annulus fibrosus.

23
Q

Does disc herniation always = back pain?

A

No - 40% of adults have been found to have some degree of disc herniation

24
Q

What can cause herniation?

A

Acute trauma from car crash or lifting, also can occur over time & linked to sedentary lifestyles

25
Q

Name the 3 layers of muscles surrounding the spine?

A

Superficial, Intermediate, Deep

26
Q

How many muscles are attached to or influence the spine?

A

77

27
Q

What are superficial muscles primary function?

A

Movement the limbs that have attachment points to the spne.

28
Q

What are Intermediate muscles primary function?

A

Influence respiration

29
Q

What are the names of the primary Intermediate muscles?

A

Levatores Costarum, Serratus Posterior Superior, Serratus Posterior Inferior

30
Q

What is the function of Deep muscles?

A

Creating motion and stabilizing the spine

31
Q

Name the 4 big muscles of the Superficial group

A

Latisimuss Dorsi, Gluteus Maximus, Rhomboids, Trapezius

32
Q

Name 3 of the Deep Muscles

A

Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis

33
Q

What is the role of the abdominals in relation to the spine?

A

Movement and Stabilization

34
Q

Muscles involved with stabilization from the abdominals?

A

Tranversus abdominis & internal obliques

35
Q

What is the role of the rectus abdominis?

A

Connects the ribcage to the pelvis

36
Q

What is the role of the external obliques?

A

Stabilization, flexion and rotation of the spine

37
Q

What is lateral flexion of the spine?

A

Bending to the side

38
Q

Which is the most mobile of the spinal regions

A

Cervical

39
Q

Which is the most stable region of the spine?

A

Thoracic

40
Q

The Lumbar region moves mostly in which plane?

A

Sagittal

41
Q

To allow further flexibility of the spine which joint must also move?

A

Hip joint

42
Q

What is the process of move the hip join to aid the spine called

A

Lumbo-pelvic rhythm

43
Q

The Lumbar region is Kyphotic or Lordotic?

A

Lordotic

44
Q

The Thoracic region of the spine is Kyphotic or Lordotic

A

Kyphotic

45
Q

The tough outer portion of the intervertebral disc is made of what cartilage?

A

Fibrocartilage

46
Q

What is the Spinal Multifidus primary role

A

Spinal Stabilization

47
Q

Muscle group most directly responsible for flexion of the lumbar spine?

A

Rectus Abdominus

48
Q

What is Scoliosis?

A

The presence of abnormal curvatures along the vertebral column

49
Q

What deviation is required to be defined as scoliosis?

A

Greater than 10 degrees

50
Q

How does scoliosis present in the gym?

A

Hip or shoulder tilt when athlete should be neutral

51
Q

When is Scoliosis most likely to be diagnosed?

A

Between 10 and 15 years of age

52
Q

At what degree of scoliosis would surgery be considered?

A

40 degrees of higher

53
Q

Should exercise be avoided by people with scoliosis?

A

No, world record holders have had scoliosis. Correct execution of back strengthening exercises to maintain functionality across their lifetime.

L3 (6 decks)

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