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Foundations Unit 3: Posture and UE > Spine > Flashcards

Spine Flashcards

1
Q

what is vertebral facet orientation in the cervical region?

A

horizontal transitioning to frontal

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2
Q

what structure allows for the majority (50%) of cervical rotation? why?

A

Atlanto-axial joint

horizontal facets allow for horizontal movement (rotation)

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3
Q

what is the most common movement in the lower c spine, why?

A

lateral flexion

due to facet orientation transitioning from horizontal to frontal plane

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4
Q

how is the lower c spine angled?

A

45 degrees

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5
Q

what is the primary movement of the thoracic spine?

A

although the facets allow for side bending, the thoracic column’s primary function is stability

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6
Q

how do the vertebral facet joints change from the beginning to the end of the thoracic column?

A

45 degrees to full frontal

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7
Q

what is the facet orientation in the lumbar spine?

A

nearly sagittal to promote flexion/extension

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8
Q

what is the most mobile area of the spine?

A

c spine

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9
Q

which plane is the most mobile throughout the column?

A

sagittal plane

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10
Q

where is the most movement in the sagittal plane? why?

A

thoracic spine - even though the facets tell us otherwise!

this is because the t-spine is already curved in the sagittal plane

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11
Q

what model does Julie use for the intervertebral discs?

A

multiple nylon stockings around pudding

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12
Q

what is the major component of the discs?

A

water!

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13
Q

what does the nucleus pulposus do?

A

absorbs and dissapates shock

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14
Q

what does the annulus fibrosus do?

A

retains the nucleus pulposus

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15
Q

what is the structure of the annulus fibrosus?

A

collagen fibers arranged in sheets (lamellae)

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16
Q

where is the annulus fibrosus the thickest?

A

anteriorly

17
Q

what does the vertebral endplate do?

A

caps and binds the annulus fibrosus

18
Q

what force is implicated in intervertebral discs?

A

hydrostatic pressure from the nucleus pulposus increases tension in the annulus fibrosus

19
Q

how is pressure distrubuted in the annulus fibrosus in an intact system?

A

equally and evenly

20
Q

are the vertebral discs a closed system? why or why not.

A

no, there are diurnal fluctuations in water content and the discs rehydrate at night

21
Q

Around what age does the nucleus pulposus begin to dehydrate

A

35-40

22
Q

in which 3 positions are disc loading pressures minimized?

A

supine, sidelying, and semi-fowler

23
Q

why can’t disc loading pressure realistically be eliminated completely?

A

ligamentous pressure applies slight loading pressure independent of positioning

24
Q

when in disc loading pressure the greatest? (3 from most to least pressure)

A
  1. bent over load lifting
  2. hips/knees bent load lifting
  3. neutral posture load carrying
25
Q

which seated posture has the lowest disc loading pressure?

A

slightly reclined

26
Q

how much traction is needed to overcome the disc loading pressure?

A

50kg

27
Q

how many degrees of freedom in the vertebrae?

A

6

28
Q

what is are the arthokinematics of craniocervical flx/ext

A

convex on concave

29
Q

what are the arthrokinematics at the atlanto-occipital joint?

A

convex on concave: opposite roll and slide

30
Q

what are the arthokinematics at the atlanto-axial joint in cervical flx/ext?

A

flx/ext coupled with A/P tilting

31
Q

what are the arthokinematics in the intercervical region during flx/ext?

A

ext + post slide

flx + ant slide

32
Q

what are the arthokinematics of cervical protraction?

A

upper c extension, lower c flexion

33
Q

what are the arthokinematics of cervical retraction

A

upper cervical flexion and lower cervical extension

34
Q

what is the breakdown of thoracolumbar flexion ROM?

A

85 total degrees = 50 from L + 35 from T

35
Q

what are the arthrokinematics of thoracolumbar flexion?

A

column flexion + superior slide

36
Q

what is the breakdown of thoracolumbar extension ROM?

A

35-40 degrees total = 15 L + 20-25 T

37
Q

what is the arthrokinematics of thoracolumbar extension?

A

column extension + inferior slide

38
Q

what is the sacral angle and why is it clinically relevant?

A

40 degrees - spondylolisthesis is not uncommon at the lumbar-sacrum junction

39
Q

where would you advise a patient to carry a load based on their injury location

A

same side, same A/P

Foundations Unit 3: Posture and UE (8 decks)

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