Posture Flashcards

1
Q

how many vertebral segments exist and where are they

A
  • 33 segments in five regions (7, 12, 5, 5, 4)
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2
Q

what are the normal spinal curvatures from cervical to coccygeal?

A
  • lordosis, kyphosis, lordosis, kyphosis, kyphosis
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3
Q

how many vertebral spinal roots at each level?

A
  • 8, 12, 5, 5, 1
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4
Q

what and when are the three developmental stages of spinal curvature?

A
  1. physiologic flexion at birth
  2. cervical lordosis around 4 months
  3. lumbar lordosis around 8-10 months
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5
Q

what is developmentally relevant about why the curves of the spine develop when they do?

A
  • cervical lordosis begins when the baby begins to control head movements
  • lumbar lordosis begins when the baby begins to walk
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6
Q

does the curvature of the spine change orientation in extreme flexion and extension?

A

no, curves will either be eccentuated or reduced but never reversed

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7
Q

what are the three torque posture principles?

A
  1. LOG and AOR create a joint torque
  2. Gravity will cause rotation unless a structure or muscle provides a countertorque
  3. torque depends on distance
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8
Q

in static stance, where does the LOG fall at the hip? what moment does this create? what is the resultant muscle activity?

A
  • slightly posterior to the AOR
  • extension moment
  • mostly passive stability
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9
Q

in static stance, where does the LOG fall at the knee? what moment does this create? what is the resultant muscle activity?

A
  • slightly anterior to the AOR
  • extension moment
  • passive stability
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10
Q

in static stance, where does the LOG fall at the ankle? what moment does this create? what is the resultant muscle activity?

A
  • anterior to the AOR
  • DF moment
  • PF isometric
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11
Q

What is Florence Kendall’s position on proper posture and muscle testing?

A
  • proper posture - max efficiency and min stress/strain
  • muscle testing must be performed on both sides of the joint
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12
Q

what is the proper alignment of the pelvis (2)

A
  • ASIS and pubic symphysis level
  • ASIS and PSIS level
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13
Q

what is responsible for posterior upward pull of the pelvis?

A
  • lumbar ES and quadratus bilaterally
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14
Q

what is responsible for anterior upward pull of the pelvis?

A
  • abdominals, ESPECIALLY RA
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15
Q

what is responsible for posterior downward pull of the pelvis?

A
  • glute max and hamstrings
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16
Q

what is responsible for anterior downward pull of the pelvis? (4)

A
  • rec fem
  • sartorius
  • TFL
  • iliopsoas
    • iliacus directly and psoas major indirectly
17
Q

in functional closed chain, what force couples are responsbile for APT?

A
  • lumbar extensors and hip flexors
18
Q

in functional closed chain, what are the force couples responsible for PPT?

A
  • hip extensors and abdominals
19
Q

what is lower cross syndrome?

A
  • weak abdominals and hip extensors
  • tight thoracolumbar extensors and hip flexors
20
Q

what happens to muscles that are shortened or tightened over time?

A

adaptive shortening/contracture

21
Q

what happens to muscles that are weak and stretched over time?

A

stretch weakness

22
Q

what is the ideal plumb line from ankle to head (6)? (note: this is kendall’s method of beginning an aligment at the ankle)

A
  • ant to lateral malleolus
  • anterior to knee axis
  • greater trochanter
  • midtrunk
  • acromion
  • EAM/ear lobe
23
Q
  • are shortened muscles strong or weak? how would you test
  • are lengthened muscles strong or weak? how would you test
A
  • could be either; therefore must be tested for flexibility
  • presumed weak; therefore must be strength tested
24
Q

what muscles are lengthened and presumed to be weak in kyphotic lordotic posture? (4)

A
  • neck flexors
  • upper ES
  • upper EO
  • hamstrings (not presumed weak, though)
25
Q

what muscles are shortened in kyphotic lordotic posture? (3)

A
  • neck extensors
  • low back (may or may not be strong)
  • hip flexors
26
Q

why is the RA not implicated in kyphotic lordotic posture?

A

the chest is depression offsets the APT and therefore the RA is not significantly changed.

27
Q

what is another name for military posture?

A

lordotic posture

28
Q

what muscles are lengthened and presumably weak in military posture?

A
  • abdominals
  • hamstrings (may or may not be weak)
29
Q

what muscles are shortened in military posture?

A
  • low back
  • hip flexors
30
Q

what muscles are lengthened and presumably weak in flat-back posture?

A
  • one-joint hip flexors
31
Q

what muscles are shortened in flat-back posture?

A
  • hamstrings
32
Q

what muscles are lengthened and presumably weak in sway-back posture?

A
  • one-joint hip flexors
  • EO
  • upper back and neck extensors
33
Q

what muscles are shortened in sway-back posture?

A
  • hamstrings
  • IO
34
Q

how is scoliosis named?

A
  • C and S curves
  • right or left depending on convexity
35
Q

what is the most common type of scoliosis, where is the apex?

A

thoracic C curve, apex T7-9

36
Q

in which direction do the spinous processes rotate in scoliosis?

A

towards the concavity

37
Q

why is a rib hump presented on the convex side of scoliosis?

A

the spinous process rotates towards the concavity and therefore drives the ribs upward on the convex side of the scoliosis

38
Q

what is upper cross syndrome?

A
  • weak neck flexors and lower traps/SA
  • tight UT/LS and pectorals