Spine

Question 1

Normal Space available for Cord

Answer 1

14 mm or greater

Question 2

Most common Level of cervical radiculopathy

Answer 2

C5-C6 disc- compressing C6 nerve root

Question 3

C6 radiculopathy

Answer 3

radial sided hand sensation, brachioradialis reflex, biceps, elbow flexion, and wrist extension

Question 4

Normal Cervicomedullary Angle

Answer 4

135-175 (<135 is Bad) Brainstem drapes over odontoid

Question 5

Surgical indications in AAS

Answer 5

ADI> 9-10mm, PADI(SAC) < 14mm

Fix with C1 lateral mass + C2 pedicle fusion

Question 6

most common side of AIS curve

Answer 6

RIGHT side

Question 7

Entire spine MRI indicated if

Answer 7

Left going curve
congenital scoli
rapidly progressing curve

Question 8

: A herniation at the C4/5 level would involve the and would cause

Answer 8

C5 nerve root and would likely present with lateral arm pain, weakness in shoulder abduction, and a diminished biceps reflex.
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Question 9

A herniation at the C5/6 level would involve the

Answer 9

C6 nerve root and would likely present with radial forearm pain, weakness with elbow flexion and wrist extension, and a diminished brachioradialis reflex.

Question 10

A herniation at the C6/7 level would involve the

Answer 10

C7 nerve root and would likely present with middle finger pain, weakness in elbow extension and wrist flexion, and a diminished triceps reflex.

Question 11

A herniation at the T1/2 level would involve the

Answer 11

T1 nerve root and would likely present with ulnar forearm pain and weakness of hand intrinsics.

Question 12

disc herniation at the C7/T1 level would cause

Answer 12

c8 nerve root symptoms, C8 radiculopathy presents with paresthesias in the small finger, weakness with distal phalanx flexion of the middle and index fingers, and thumb extension weakness.

Question 13

most common tumors to mets to spine

Answer 13

breast
prostate
lung
kidney
thyroid

Question 14

LLIF or transpsoas approach, safe zone increase or decrease as you move more distal (caudally)

Answer 14

safe zone decreases, no suitable appraoch for L5-S1, Furthermore, at more caudal levels of the lumbar spine, the lumbar plexus courses more anteriorly and the iliac vessels course more laterally, which increases risk of injury via a lateral approach.

Question 15

wnsuring lumbar lordosis is within what? has been shown to be a reliable predictor of clinical outcomes

Answer 15

Lumbar lordosis within 9 degrees of the pelvic incidence

Question 16

pelvic value that does not change and is not affected by standing/sitting

Answer 16

pelvic incidence

Question 17

Correcting sagittal vertical axis to within what most reliable predictor of clinical improvement?

Answer 17

SVA within + 3Cm of neutral