Spine

Question 1

dermatome

Answer 1

area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve

Question 2

myotome

Answer 2

group of muscles that a single nerve innervates

Question 3

function of the spine is difficult to determine after a spinal cord injury why?

Answer 3

spinal shock

Question 4

classifying spinal cord injury

Answer 4

ASIA classification

Question 5

tetraplegia

Answer 5

quadriplegia

Question 6

what is quadraplegia?

Answer 6

partial or total loss of all four limbs and the trunk

Question 7

spasticity shows what?

Answer 7

increased tone

Upper motor neuron lesion

Question 8

where is an upper motor neuron lesion?

Answer 8

spinal cord and above (of the CNS)

Question 9

Paraplegia

Answer 9

partial or total loss of the use of the lower limbs

Question 10

complete spinal injuries have no function…

Answer 10

below the trauma

Question 11

incomplete spinal injuries have…

Answer 11

variable function

Question 12

what kind of joint are intervertebral discs?

Answer 12

secondary cartilaginous joint

Question 13

layers of the intervertebral disc

Answer 13

annulus fibrosis

nucleus pulposus

Question 14

the annulus fibrosis may tear in the intervertebral disc which can cause what?

Answer 14

protrusion of the nucleus pulposus and therefore compression of either the cauda equina or a nerve root

Question 15

what are the two ligaments that attach the discs together?

Answer 15

anterior longitudinal ligament

posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 16

4 types of disc problem

Answer 16

bulge

protrusion

extrusion

sequestrian

Question 17

what disc most commonly prolapses?

Answer 17

cervical (C5/6)

Question 18

what are the ligaments between spinous processes called?

Answer 18

interspinous and supraspinous ligaments

Question 19

what is the ligament called between transverse processes?

Answer 19

inter-transverse ligament

Question 20

what are the signs of an Upper motor neuron lesion?

Answer 20

increased tone

increased reflexes and babinskis sign

weakness

Question 21

what are the signs of a lower motor neuron lesion?

Answer 21

decreased tone

decreased reflexes

weakness

fasciculation’s

muscles atrophy

Question 22

what is hilton’s law?

Answer 22

The nerves crossing a joint supply the muscles acting on it and the joint itself

Question 23

the hip joint is supplied by what 3 nerves

Answer 23

Obturator nerve (predominantly)

Femoral nerve

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve