Spine Flashcards
dermatome
area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve
myotome
group of muscles that a single nerve innervates
function of the spine is difficult to determine after a spinal cord injury why?
spinal shock
classifying spinal cord injury
ASIA classification
tetraplegia
quadriplegia
what is quadraplegia?
partial or total loss of all four limbs and the trunk
spasticity shows what?
increased tone
Upper motor neuron lesion
where is an upper motor neuron lesion?
spinal cord and above (of the CNS)
Paraplegia
partial or total loss of the use of the lower limbs
complete spinal injuries have no function…
below the trauma
incomplete spinal injuries have…
variable function
what kind of joint are intervertebral discs?
secondary cartilaginous joint
layers of the intervertebral disc
annulus fibrosis
nucleus pulposus
the annulus fibrosis may tear in the intervertebral disc which can cause what?
protrusion of the nucleus pulposus and therefore compression of either the cauda equina or a nerve root
what are the two ligaments that attach the discs together?
anterior longitudinal ligament
posterior longitudinal ligament
4 types of disc problem
bulge
protrusion
extrusion
sequestrian
what disc most commonly prolapses?
cervical (C5/6)
what are the ligaments between spinous processes called?
interspinous and supraspinous ligaments
what is the ligament called between transverse processes?
inter-transverse ligament
what are the signs of an Upper motor neuron lesion?
increased tone
increased reflexes and babinskis sign
weakness
what are the signs of a lower motor neuron lesion?
decreased tone
decreased reflexes
weakness
fasciculation’s
muscles atrophy
what is hilton’s law?
The nerves crossing a joint supply the muscles acting on it and the joint itself
the hip joint is supplied by what 3 nerves
Obturator nerve (predominantly)
Femoral nerve
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
