Spine

Question 1

What is the greatest risk of having a future vertebral fragility fracture?

Answer 1

History of a prior vertebral fragility fracture

Question 2

Professional athletes in which sport have the highest incidence of degenerative changes in the cervical and lumbar spine?

Answer 2

Horse racers (jockeys)

Question 3

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Answer 3

7

Question 4

At what levels in the cervical spine does the vertebral artery usually run through the transverse foramen?

Answer 4

C1-C6

Question 5

At what level does the spinal cord end in a child? adult?

Answer 5

L3 and L1 respectively

Question 6

How soon after the onset of symptoms should surgical decompression take place in patients with cauda equina syndrome?

Answer 6

less than 48 hours after symptom onset

Question 7

What is the most powerful preoperative prognostic factor for clinical outcomes with surgical treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis?

Answer 7

Comorbid medical conditions

Question 8

Which factor is most important when attempting to prevent interbody graft subsidence?

Answer 8

bone quality

Question 9

What is the likelihood that a patient will recover bowel and bladder function after delayed surgical decompression of acute caudal equine syndrome?

Answer 9

21-40%

Question 10

Which type of congenital scoliosis has the worst prognosis and is an indication for surgery?

Answer 10

hemivertebrae with a unsegmented bar

Question 11

What is the normal range for thoracic kyphosis?

Answer 11

20 to 50 degrees

Question 12

What is the most likely neurologic complication following cervical laminoplasty?

Answer 12

C5 (biceps and deltoid weakness) palsy

Question 13

What post op complication are patients with ankylosing spondylitis most likely to experience after total hip arthroplasty?

Answer 13

anterior hip dislocation