Spine

Question 0

C6

Answer 0

Wrist extensors

Question 1

C5

Answer 1

Elbow flexor

Question 2

C7

Answer 2

Elbow extensors

Question 3

C8

Answer 3

Finger flexors (distal phalanx of middle finger)

Question 4

T1

Answer 4

Finger abduction (little finger)

Question 5

L2

Answer 5

Hip flexion

Question 6

L3

Answer 6

Knee extension

Question 7

L4

Answer 7

Ankle dorsiflexion

Question 8

L5

Answer 8

Big toe extension

Question 9

S1

Answer 9

Ankle plantar flexion

Question 10

S4-S5

Answer 10

Anal contraction

Question 11

Knee jerk

Answer 11

L4

Question 12

Ankle jerk

Answer 12

S1

Question 13

Bulbocavernosus

Answer 13

S2-S3

Question 14

Spurling

Answer 14

Axial load, then laterally flex and rotate neck

Radiating pain indicates nerve root compression

Question 15

Distraction test

Answer 15

Upward distracting force

Relief of symptoms indicates foraminal compression of nerve root

Question 16

Kernig

Answer 16

Supine, flex neck

Pain in or radiating to legs indicate meningeal irritation

Question 17

Brudzinski

Answer 17

Supine, flex neck, flex hip

Pain reduction with knee flexion indicates meningeal irritation

Question 18

Straight leg

Answer 18

Flex hip to pain, dorsiflex foot

Symptoms reproduced (pain radiating below knee) indicative of radiculopathy

Question 19

Straight leg 90/90

Answer 19

Supine, flex hip and knee 90, extend knee

> 20 flexion = tight hamstring

Question 20

Bowstring

Answer 20

Raise leg, flex knee, popliteal press

Radicular pain with popliteal pressure indicates sciatic nerve

Question 21

Sitting root (flip sign)

Answer 21

Seated, distract patient, passively extend knee

Patient with sciatic pain will arch/flip backward when knee extended

Question 22

Forward bending

Answer 22

Standing, bend at waist

Assymetry of back is indicative of scoliosis

Question 23

Hoover

Answer 23

Supine, hand under heels, patient then raises one leg

Pressure should be felt under opposite heel. No pressure indicates lack of effort, not true weakness

Question 24

Waddell signs

Answer 24

Presence indicates nonorganic pathology

1. Exaggerated respone/overreaction
2. Pain to light touch
3. Nonanatomic pain location
4. Negative flip sign with positive straight leg raise

Question 25

Valsalva Test

Answer 25

patient holds breath and bear down

increases intrathecal pressure

Question 26

Swallowing Test

Answer 26

bony protuberances, osteophytes

Question 27

Adson Test

Answer 27

take radial pulse, abduct, extend, externally rotate arm
instruct patient to take a deep breath and turn head toward arm
marked diminution if there is compression of subclavian artery

Question 28

Oppenheim Test

Answer 28

run fingernail along crest of tibia

sames reaction as babinski abnormal

Question 29

cremasteric reflex

Answer 29

unilateral - L1, L2

bilateral - UMN

Question 30

superficial anal reflex

Answer 30

S2 - S4

Question 31

milgram test

Answer 31

legs straight and raise about 2 inches, hold position

increases intrathecal pressure

Question 32

naffziger

Answer 32

increase intrathecal pressure

compress jugular veins for about 10 seconds
ask patient to cough

Question 33

Gaelslen’s sign

Answer 33

pathology of sacroiliac joint

supine on table, draw both legs onto chest, allow unsupported leg to drop over the edge

Question 34

Beevor Sign

Answer 34

Sit up

umbilicus should not move