Knee

Question 1

Q angle

Answer 1

ASIS to mid-patella to tibial tubercle

male: <15

Question 2

Knee extension

Answer 2

0 - 5-15

Question 3

Knee flexion

Answer 3

0 - 125-135

Question 4

Tibial IR/ER

Answer 4

10-15

Question 5

Patella Displacement

Answer 5

translate patella medially and laterally
Divide patella in 4 quadrants
patella should translate 2 quadrants in both directions
decreases mobility indicates tight retinaculum

Question 6

Patella apprehension

Answer 6

flex 20, push patella laterally

pain/apprehension of subluxation: patellar instability or medial retinaculum/MPFL injury

Question 7

Joint line tenderness

Answer 7

most sensitive exam for meniscal tear

Question 8

patella compression/grind test

Answer 8

extend knee, fire quads, compress patella

pain: chondromalacia, OCD, PF arthritis/DJD of patella

Question 9

J sign

Answer 9

actively extend knee from flexed position

lateral displacement of patella in full extension: maltracking

Question 10

Mc Murray

Answer 10

Medial Meniscal Tear: Flex, varus, ER knee, then extend

Lateral Meniscal Tear: Flex, valgus, IR knee, then extend

Question 11

Apley’s Compression

Answer 11

prone, knee 90, compress and rotate

pain or pop indicated meniscal tear

Question 12

Lachman

Answer 12

flex knee 20-30, anterior force on tibia 
ACL injury (most sensitive)
grade 1: 0-5mm
grade 2: 6-10mm
grade 3: >10mm
A: good
B: no endpoint

Question 13

Anterior drawer

Answer 13

flex knee 90, anterior force on tibia

ACL injury

Question 14

Pivot Shift

Answer 14

supine, extend knee, IR, valgus force on proximal tibia then flex knee
clunk with knee flexion indicates ACL injury

Question 15

Posterior Drawer

Answer 15

flex knee 90, posterior force on tibia

PCL injury

Question 16

Posterior Sag

Answer 16

supine, hip 45, knee 90, view laterally

PCL injury

Question 17

Quadriceps Active

Answer 17

supine, knee 90, fire quadriceps

posteriorly subluxated tibia translates anteriorly if PCL is deficient

Question 18

Reverse Pivot Shift

Answer 18

supine, flex knee 45, ER, valgus force on proximal tibia, then extend knee
PCL injury

Question 19

Knee Valgus Stress

Answer 19

0 - MCL and cruciate ligament

30 - MCL

Question 20

Knee Varus Stress

Answer 20

0 - LCL, cruciate

30 - LCL

Question 21

Dial Test

Answer 21

Prone, ER at 90 then at 30 (+ 10 degree difference)
Increased ER at 30 - PLC
90 - PLC + PCL
(-) 30, (+) 90 - PCL

Question 22

ER recurvatum

Answer 22

supine, legs straight, raise legs by toes

recurvatum, varus, IR of knee indicates PLC (+/- PCL) injury

Question 23

Slocum

Answer 23

ACL + PCL : knee 90, IR tibia 30, anterior force

ACL, MCL, POL: knee 90, ER tibia 30, anterior force

Question 24

Posterior Lateral Drawer

Answer 24

Knee 90, ER tibia 15, posterior force

laxity indicates PLC +/- PCL

Question 25

Posteromedial Drawer

Answer 25

Knee 90, IR tibia 30, posterior force

PCL + medial ligament (MCL, POL)

Question 26

Abnormal Q angle

Answer 26

> 20

Question 27

Clarke Sign

Answer 27

supine, push superior pole of patella, fire quads

Question 28

Ober Test

Answer 28

Sideline position, knee flex 90, abduct and extend hip,

remains abducted: tight ITB, tensor fascia lata

Question 29

Patellar Tilt Test

Answer 29

normal 15-20

lateral retinaculum

Question 30

Apley’s Distraction

Answer 30

prone, knee flex 90
ER - MCL
IR - LCL

Question 31

Vastus Medialis Oblique Measurement

Answer 31

4cm above superior pole of patella

Question 32

Mid Thigh Measurement

Answer 32

8-10cm proximal to patella

Question 33

Belly of Gastrocnemius Measurement

Answer 33

15cm from tibial tubercle

Question 34

Steinman’s tenderness displacement sign

Answer 34

meniscal injury

joint line tenderness translates posteriorly with flexion, anteriorly with extension

Question 35

Milking Test

Answer 35

Knee Effussion

Question 36

Posterolateral Complex

Answer 36

LCL, Popliteus, Popliteofibular Ligament