Spine

Question 1

causes of scoliosis

Answer 1

idopathic - infantile (right), juvenile, adolescent (left)

Congenital - fialure to form / segment or mixed.

neuropathic - Tethered cord, syringomyelia, chiari, diastematomyelia, meningocele

neuromuscular - friedreichs ataxia, poliomyelitis, cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy

mesodermal - NF, marfans, Homocystinuria,

Post radiotherapy

leg length discrepancy

Question 2

causes of painful scoliosis

Answer 2

ostoid osteoma
osteoblastoma
intraspinal tumour
infection

Question 3

Solitary collapsed vertebra

Answer 3

IMELT

infection
mets
EG
Lymphoma
TB

Osteoporosis
trauma
pagets

Question 4

multiple collapsed vertebra

Answer 4

osteoporosis
malignancy - wedge bad. disc preserved.
trauma - sclerosis of fracture.
scheuermans - irregular end plates. lots of schmorl. young adult
infeciton - destroyed disc and end plates
LCH
Sickle cell. H shaped vertebra

Question 5

absence of a pedicle

Answer 5

Mets
MM
Neurofibroma
TB
Benign - aneurysmal bone cyst, giant cell tumour
Congenital absence - contrlateral sclerosis

Question 6

solitary dense pedicle

Answer 6

Osteoblastic mets
osteoid osteoma
osteoblastoma
spondylolysis
congenital absence of other side

Question 7

enlarged vertebral body

Answer 7

Gigantism
acromegaly

pagets
abc, haemangioma, giant ell tumour.
hydatid

Question 8

squaring of one or more vertebral bodies

Answer 8

ank spond - shiny corners
pagets
psoriatic arthropathy
reiters syndrome
RA

Question 9

block vertebrae

Answer 9

Klippel Feil syndrome
isolateds congenital
RA
Ank spond
TB
operative fusion
Post traumatic

Question 10

what is Klippel Feil syndrome

Answer 10

Segmentation defects in spine

short neck

Scoliosis
Sprengels shoulder
cerbvical ribs
omovertebral body
deafness

Question 11

Ivory vertebral body

Answer 11

LP HIM

Mets
Pagets
lymphoma
Low grade infection
haemagnioma

Question 12

atlanto axial subluxcation

Answer 12

trauma arthritides
- RA
Psoritatic
JIA
SLE
Ank Spond

Congenital
Downs
Morquios
Sondyloepiphyseal dysplasia
COnenital absence

Infection
- retropharyngealvabsess in a kdi

Question 13

intervertebral disc calcifcation

Answer 13

Degn spondylosis - nuc pulp.
Alkaptonuria/ochranosis.
CPPD
Ank SPond
JIA
Haemachromatosis
DISH
Gout
Idiopathic

from spinal fusion

Question 14

bony outgrowths of the spine

Answer 14

syndesmophytes
- ank spond
- alkaptonuria

paravertebral ossification
- ossified connective tissue, seperate to edige of vert body and disk.
- Reiters
Psoritatic arthropathy.

Claw osteophytes
- from vertebral margin, no gap.
- stress response, but only disc degeneration if fisc narrowing

traction spurs
- osteophytes, gapped between end plate.
- shear stress across the disc.

undulating anterior ossification
- DISH

Question 15

posterior scalloping of vertebral bodies

Answer 15

tumours of the spinal canal

NF

acromegaly
achondroplasia
comm hydrocephalus
syringomyelia

other
- Ehler Dnalos
Marfan
Hurler
Morquio
Osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 16

Anterior scalloping of vertebr a

Answer 16

Aortic aneurysm
TB spondylitis
Lymphadenopathy
Delayed motor deve - downs

Question 17

widened interped

Answer 17

meingomyelocele

intrapsinal mass

diastematomyelia

trauma

Question 18

Intraspinal masses

extradural

Answer 18

prlapsed disc
mets
NF
neuroblastoma
meningioma
haematoma
abscess
arachnoid cyst

Question 19

intraspinal masses

intradural

Answer 19

meingioma
neurofibroma
mets

subdural empyema

Question 20

intraspinal masses

intramedullary mass

Answer 20

ependymoma - capusle, haemorrghage

astrocytoma - fast growing, no bone changes.

dermoid - conus,

infarct

haematoma§