Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chapman Aids to differentials flashcards > Respiratory tract > Flashcards

Respiratory tract Flashcards

1
Q

Unilateral hypertransradiant hemithorax.

A

look at number of blood vessels to confirm abnormal side.

Rotation / scoliosis.

chest wall
- mastectomy
poliomyelitis
Polands syndrome

pneumothorax

Lung - post surgical expansion.
- airway obstruction
- unilateral bullae
- swayer james - expiratory air trapped
- congenital lobar emphysema

PE.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

bilateral hypertranparent hemithoraces

increased lung volume

A

emphysema

asthma

acute bronchiolitis

tracheal / laryngeal stenoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

bilateral hypertranparent hemithoraces

normal lungs

A

Oligaemia, heart disease

Features of large hilar vessels with distal pruning

Pulmonary artery stenosis
Multiple pulmonary emboli
Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension
Schistosamiasis
metaratic trophoblastic tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

tracheal narrowing

subglottic stneosis

A

post intubation
wegeners granulomatosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

tracheal narrowing

diffuse inflammatory

A

Sarcoid
Wegeners
Relapsing polychondritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Causes of distal airway narrowing

in the lumen

A

FB
Mucus plug
Bronchiolithiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Causes of distal airway narrowing

in the wall

A

Tracheal cancer

other tumours

inflammation / fibrosis

bronchial atresia

tracheobronchomalacia

fractured bronchus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

causes of airway narrowing

outside the wall

A

Lymph nodes
mediastinal tumour
left atria enalrgement
aorta aneurysm
Anom LPA from right pA (compress right main bronchus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

increased density of one hemithorax

normal mediasitnum

A

Consolidation

pleural effusion

malignant pleural mesothelioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

increased density of one hemithorax

mdiastinum pushed away

A

LARGE pleural effusion
diaphragmatic hernia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

increased density of one hemithroax

mediasitnum pulled towards

A

lung collapse
post pneumonectomy
Lymphangitis carcinomatosa
puomonary agenesis and hypoplasia
malignant pleural mesothelioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Puomonary air cysts

post infective, what types of bacteria cause cysts

A

staph A - kids!
Strep Pneumoniae
E Coli
Kleb
H Inf
PCP, upper parts multiple
Legionella
Hydatid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Puomonary cysts

congenital causes

A

Congenital puomonary adenomatoid malformation / sequestration

intrapuomonary bronchogenic cyst.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

neoplastic casues of pulmonary cysts

A

treated mets (germ cell and bladder)
Hyalinizing granulomas
metastatic epithelioid sarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

diffuse lung disease

A

LCH

LAM

TS

Neurofibromatosis

Birt Hogg Dube

LIP

HS pneumonitis
End stage fibrotic ILD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

non resolving or recurrent consolidaiton

A

bronchial obstruction

infection - TB, Kleb, fungal

Malignancy

Recurrent aspiration

Pre-existing lung pathology

Impaired immunity

OP

Sarcoidosis

Wegeners Grnaulomatosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Consoldiation with an elarged hilum

A

primary TB
Viral penumonia
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Primary histoplasmosis
Coccidioidomycosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

lobar pnumonia

organism types

A

Strep Pneumonia

Kleb

Staph Pneumoniae

TB

Strep Pyogenes- lower lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

consolidation with bulging fissures

A

Klebsiella, Strep pneumoniae, Myco TB, Yersinia.
- lots of exudates.

Abscess - staph A, Kleb,

Lung Cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

causes of bronchiectasis

common causes

A

Immunodeficency
- hypoIgG
- chronic granulomatous disease
HIV
hediak- Higashi

Cystic Fibrosis

Idiopathic - one third

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

causes of air space opacifciation

A

oedema
infection
diffuse pulmonary haemorrhage
malignancy - adeno / lymphoma
sarcoid
EG
OP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

less common causes ofbronchiectasis

A

post kid infection , measels / pertusissis
bronchial obstruction
chronic aspiraiton

kartageners / William Cambell / Mounier Kuhn / Alpha 1 antitrypsin / Swayer james

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cardiogenic Puomonary oedema

A

imparied left ventricular fuction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

non cardiogenic pumoonary oedema

A

FLuid overload
Cerebrald disease
Near drowning
aspiraiton - mendelsons syndrome
radiotherapy
rexpanded lung from thoracentesis
liver disease
TRALI
Drugs
Poisons - smoke
mediastinal tumours
acute resp distress syndrome
high altitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

unilateral puomonary oedema

same side as abnormality

A

lat decubitus
aspiraiton
pulmonary contusion
thoracocentesis
bronchial obstruction
systemic artery to pulmonary artery shunts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Pulmonary oedema on the opposite side to existing pathology

A

Congenital absence of pulmonary artery
mcleod syndrome
thromboembolism
unilateral emphysema
lobectomy
pleural disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

septal lines

causes of pulmonary venous engorment

A

Left ventricular failure
mitral stenosis
pulmonary veno-oclusive disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

septal lines

lymphatic infiltration

A

cancer
pneumoconioses
sarcoid - uncommon
Idiopathic bronchiectasis
Erdeim Chester
Diffuse pumonary haeorrhage
lymphnagiomatosis
Congenital lymphangiectasia
alveolar proteinosis
alveolar microlithiasis
amyloidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

reticular pattern

A

IPF
Connective tissue diseases
Occupation lung disease - asbestosis. pneumoconiosis, paraquat poisoning

sarcoid - upper zone

Chronic hypersentivity.

cystic lung diease - if CXR as projecitonal pattern

Drug induced - Nitro, bleomycin, cyclo

Bone marrow tx - constrictive obliterative bronchiolitis.

misc causes of diffuse lung disease
- alveolar proteinosis
- idopathic pulmonary haenosiderosis
amylodiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

nodules - measurement

A

<3mm - micronodules

> 3cm - mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

multiple micronodules

high density

A

post lymphangiography
silicosis
stannosis
barytosis
limestone and marble workers
alveolar microlithiasis - familial disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

multiple micronodules

soft tissue density

A

miliary TB

fingal infection

coal miners - mid zone

sarcoid

32
Q

multiple micronodules

great than soft tissue density

A

haemosiderosis, if raised venous pressure. goodpastures.

silicosis

siderosis

stannosis

barytosis

33
Q

multiple soft tissue density nodules

2-5mm

A

cancer - breast, thyroid, mel, prosdtate, pacnrea or lung

Subacute hypersensitivity penumonitis

resp bronchiolitis

lymphoma

sarcoid

LCH

34
Q

multiple nodules which can confluence

A

multifocal pneumonia

pulmonary. oedmea

diffus epulmonary haemorrhage

35
Q

multiple nodules

larger than 5mm

A

Neoplastic
- mets
- lung cancer
- Kaposi sarcoma
- beningn mets.

Infection
- abcess
- coccidiomycosis
-histoplasmosis
-hydatid

Immunological
- Wegeners
-Rheumatoid nodules
- PMF
- OP
-Amyloidosis
- Hyalizing granulomas

Vascular
- AMV

36
Q

Solitary nodule/mass like lesion

A

Granulomatous
- Tuberculoma
- Histoplasmoma

Malignant
- Lung Ca
- Solitary mets

Benign tumours
- Carcinoid
- Hamartoma

INfectious
- pneumonia
-ruonded atelectasisi
- yatid
- wegerns
- sarcoid
- OP

Congenital
- lymhp node.
- sequestratrion,

Vasc
- haematoma
- AVM

37
Q

types of sequestation

A

venous drains to pulmonary veins intra. or extra into systemic. Both systemic arterial supply

38
Q

apical mass

A

Pancoast
tortuous subclavian artery
scarring/fibrosis
Mycetoma in cavity
chet wall tumours
plombage
meningocele

39
Q

Pulmonary cavities

A

Infective
- Staph A, Kleb, TB, Emboli, Aspiration. hydatid, aspergiluus,. lots

Neoplastic
- SCC commonly.
- Mets (SCC, colon and sarcoma)
- Tracheobronchial papillomatosis, caviate nodules
- lymphoma (uncommon)

Vascular
- infarction

Inflammatory
- Wegeners
- RHeumatoid nodules
- PMF
- sarcoid

Trauma
- Haematoma
- pneumatoclele

40
Q

Cystic lung disease

A

Post infective
-Staph A ect
- PCP (upper)
- hydatid

Trauma
- laceration. resolves

COngenital
- CPAM
- bronchogenic cyst

Neoplastic
- post treatment
- colonic mets, sarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma

41
Q

Diffuse cystic lung diseases

A

LCH
LAM
TS
LIP
NF
Birt HOgg Dube - renal tumours
HP
End ILD
DIP

42
Q

Calc in a solitary nodule

A

BENIGN

though
cancer around a granuloma
mets - ostesarc
papillary adeno or Squamous cell

43
Q

Pulmonary calcifcaiont / ossificaiotn

Localized area

A

TB - small nidus
Histoplasmosis
Coccidiodomycosis
Blastomyocosis

44
Q

Diffuse calc in the lung

A

Infection - mil Tb, varicella,
chronic venous HTN
silicosis
mets
alveolar microlithiasis - familial
metastatic due to high Calc - upper zone
Talcosis
Post lymphoma radiotherapy

45
Q

Nonthrombotic pulmonary EMBOLI

A

Septic
Iatrogenic
Phlebolith
Fat
Amniotic Tumour
Talc
Hydatid

46
Q

HRCT nodular patterns

Centrilobular

A

Infective bronchiolitis
- TB
- Aspiration
- mycoplasma, viral, fungal

HP
- allergens

Respiratory bronchiolitis
follicular bronchiolitis
diffuse panbronchiolitis

Bronchiectasis diseases. CF, PCD
Endobronchial tumour

47
Q

HRCT nodular patterns

Periplymphatic

A

Sarcoid
Lymphangitis carcinomatosis
Solicosis
Lymphoma
Amyloidosis

48
Q

HRCT nodular patterns

Random

A

Miliary TB
Miliary mets
Silicosis and coals workers pneumoconiosis
LCH
LIP
Fungal infection

49
Q

Ground glass on HRCT

acute presentation

A

Pulmonary oedema
infection
haemorrhage
ARDS
AHcute hypersensitivity pnuemonitis
acute oesinophilic pneumonia

50
Q

Ground glass on HRCT

chronic illness

A

Diffuse
- interstitial pnuemoina
- organising pneumonia
- RB ILD
- DIP
- LIP

Chronci HP
Chronic Esoinophilic pnuemonia
Drug induced
Alveolar sarcoidosis
Alveolar proteinosis
adenocarcinoma

51
Q

HRCT Mosaic attenuation

what three categories are there

A

Small airways diseases

Pulmonary vascular diseases

Infiltrative lung diseases

52
Q

mosaic atenuation

small airways disease

A

Post infective - swayer jams
post transplanation
connective tissue
drugs
Toxic fumes
bronchiectaisis
sarcoid

53
Q

mosaic attenuation
pulmonary vascular diseases

A

chronic thromboembolic disease
pulmonary arterial htn
pulmonary artery tumours - sarcoma

54
Q

mosaic attenuation

infiltrative lung disease

A

not sure

55
Q

unilateral hilar enlargement

A

Lymph
- lung cancer
- inection
- unicentric castleman disease
– lymphoma
-sarcoid

artery
- poststenotic dilattion
aneurysm - eg bechets
- PE

Crcinoid tumour
mediastinal mass
perihilar pneumonia

56
Q

bilateral hilar enlargement

A

Sarcoid
lymphoma
carincomatosis
castleman
infective
silicosis (egg shelll)

57
Q

Egg shell lymph nodes

A

Silicosis

Coal workers pneumoconiosis

Sarcoidosis

Lymphoma post rdiotherapy

58
Q

Transudate pleural effusion

A

Cardiac, renal or hepatic failure

59
Q

Exudate pleural effusion

A

Infection , malignancy, collagen vascular disorder
infarction

60
Q

page 94.

pleural effusion due to extrathoracic disease

A

Pancreatitis (left)
Subphrenic abscess
Post surgery
Meigssyndrome - benign ovaria tumour
Nephrotic
fluid overload
Cirrhosis

61
Q

causes of pleural calc

A

asbesotos exposure
prior infection
talc pleurodesis - pet avid for years
prior haemothroax

62
Q

diffuse pleural thickening

A

Exudative pleural effusion (empyema). asbestos exposure (smooth, pleural plaques)

malignant mesothelioma
estrapleural fat ploriferation
Pleural mets
post haemothorax / surgery
fibrosis related pleuroparenchymal bands

63
Q

focal pleural mass

causes

A

empyema
mets (multiple and effusion)
mal mesothelioma
Solitary fibrous tumour of the pleura (can change position if peducnulated). Asymptomatic.
Extrapleural haematoma
chest wall masses

64
Q

PNeumomediastinum

A

extension of Pulmonary interstitial emphysema - sudden increase presus.re

Oesophagus perf

abdominal perf in retroperitonum

65
Q

Diaphragmatic hump

causes for any location

A

Collapse / consolidaiton
localised eventration
Subpulmonary effusion
Pulmonary infarct - hampton hump

extend from liver:
hepatic abscess, mets, hydatid cyt

66
Q

Diaphragmatic hump

medial causes

A

fat pad
hiatus hernia
A aneurysm
pericaridal cyst
pulmonary sequestration

67
Q

diaphragmatic hump

anterior

A

morgani hernia

68
Q

diaphgramtic hump

posterior

A

bochdalek hernia
neurogenic tumour

69
Q

Causes of an elevated hemidiaphragm

Above diaphragm causes

A

Phrenic nerve palsy
Lung collapse
pleural disease
pain - splinting
hemiplegia

SCOLIOSIS causes this

70
Q

Elevated hemidiaphragm

diaphragmatic causes

A

eventration

herniation

71
Q

elevated hemidiahpragm

sub diaphragm causes

A

inflmaation below

hepatomegaly or splenomegaly

Gas distension of the stomach

72
Q

causes of bilateral raised hemi diaphragms

A

low inspiration
obesity
myopathy
lordotic projection

baal lung collapse
small lungs

ascites
pneumoperitoneum
pregnancy
hepatosplenomegaly
tumour
subphrenic abscess

73
Q

anterior mediastinal masses by region

A

Superior

goitre
lymphadenopathy
thymic tumours

Middle anterior
Germ cell neoplasm -
thymic tumours
sternal tumours

inferior - anterior cardiophrenic angle
fat pad
diaphragmatic eventration
morgagni hernia
pericardial cyysts

74
Q

describe some germ cell tumours

A

dermoid, teratoma
seminomas
choriocarcinomas
embryonal carcinoma
thymomas

75
Q

Middle mediastinal mass in adults

A

Lymphadneopathy
bronchogenic carcinoma
totuous subclavian
aortic aneurysm
bronchogenic cyst
fibrosing mediastinitis

76
Q

posterior mediastinal masses in adults

A

lymphoma
abscess
extramedullary haematopoiesis
neurogenic tumours
meningocele
neuroenteric cyst

dilated oseophagus
descending aorta
oesophageal duplciation cyst

77
Q
A

Chapman Aids to differentials flashcards (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions