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radana > spine > Flashcards

spine Flashcards

1
Q

● central axis of the skeleton and is centered in the midsagittal plane of the posterior part of the trunk
● composed of small segments of bone called ______

A

Vertebral Column / Spine, vertebra

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2
Q

child bones
adult bones

A

33
26

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3
Q

Disks of fibrocartilage that separates the vertebral bodies and act as cushions to the spine

A

intervertebral disks

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4
Q

Each disk has a central mass of soft, pulpy, semi gelatinous material called the _________

A

nucleus pulposus

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5
Q

which is surrounded by an outer fibrocartilaginous disk called the _____

A

annulus fibrosus

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6
Q

rupture or protrusion of pulpy nucleus into the vertebral canal, thereby impinging on the spinal nerve, occurs in lumbar region

A

Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (HNP) / Slipped Disk

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7
Q

5 Regions of the Vertebral Column

A

● Cervical Vertebrae - 7 bones
● Thoracic Vertebrae - 12 bones
● Lumbar Vertebrae - 5 bones
● Sacral Vertebrae - 5 bones / 1 bone
● Coccygeal Vertebrae - 3 or 5 bones / 1
bone

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8
Q

true or movable vertebrae.

A

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar

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9
Q

false or fixed vertebrae

A

Sacrum and Coccyx

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10
Q

Convex Anteriorly (Lordotic Curves)

A

Cervical and Lumbar Curve

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11
Q

Concave Anteriorly (Kyphotic Curves)

A

Thoracic and Pelvic Curve

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12
Q

called primary curves because they are present at birth.

A

Thoracic and Pelvic Curves

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13
Q

called secondary or compensatory curves because they develop after birth.

A

Cervical and Lumbar Curves

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14
Q

develops when the child begins to hold the head up at about 3 or 4 months.

A

Cervical vertebrae

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15
Q

d evelops when the child begin to walk at about 1 to 1.5 years of age

A

Lumbar vertebrae

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16
Q
  • abnormal increase in the anterior concavity (posterior convexity) of the thoracic curve, humpback
A

Kyphosis

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17
Q

abnormal increase in the anterior convexity (posterior concavity) of the lumbar or cervical curve, swayback

A

Lordosis

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18
Q
  • abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
A

Scoliosis

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19
Q
  • describes a spinal curve to the right (“dextro” = right). Usually occurring in the thoracic spine, this is the most common type of curve.
A

Dextroscoliosis

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20
Q
  • describes a spinal curve to the left (“levo” = left). Common in the lumbar spine.
A

Levoscoliosis

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21
Q

the anterior mass of bone.

A

body

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22
Q

the posterior ringlike
portion of the vertebra

A

Vertebral Arch

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23
Q

space between
the body and the vertebral arch.

A

vertebral foramen

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24
Q

formed by 2 pedicles and 2 laminae that support 4 articular processes, 2 transverse processes, and 1 spinous process

A

Vertebral Arch

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25
Q

arise from the junction of the pedicles and laminae to articulate with the vertebrae above and below, two superior and two inferior

A

Articular Processes

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26
Q

articulations between the articular
processes of the vertebral arches

A

Zygapophyseal Joints / Interarticular Facet Joints / Apophyseal Joints

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27
Q

atypical vertebrae

A

C1,C2, and C7

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28
Q

typical vertebrae

A

C3 to C6

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29
Q

1st cervical vertebra, ringlike structure with no body and has a very short spinous process, consists of an anterior arch, a posterior arch, 2 lateral masses, and 2 transverse processes.

A

C1 or Atlas

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30
Q

Divides the arches of C1 into anterior and posterior portions. The anterior portion of the ring receives the dens (odontoid process) of the axis, and the posterior portion transmits the proximal spinal cord.

A

transverse atlantal ligament

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31
Q

2nd cervical vertebra, has a strong conical process arising from the upper surface of its body. This process is called the _ or _ Process.

A

C2 or Axis, dens or odontoid

32
Q

long, prominent spinous process that projects almost horizontally to the posterior.

A

C7 / Vertebra Prominens

33
Q

spinous process are short and has double pointed

A

bifid tips

34
Q

intervertebral foramina of the cervical region are directed anteriorly at a _____ degree angle from the midsagittal plane of the body.

A

45

35
Q

foramina are also directed at a ______ degree inferior angle to the horizontal plane of the body.

A

15

36
Q

zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic vertebrae form an angle of _____ degree to the midsagittal plane of the
body

A

70 to 75

37
Q

smoothly rounded projection on the back of each superior articular process.

A

Mamillary Process

38
Q

back of the root of the transverse process.

A

Accessory Process

39
Q

part of the lamina between the superior and inferior articular processes, neck area of scottie dog

A

Pars Interarticularis

40
Q

zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar region are inclined posteriorly from the coronal plane, forming an angle of ____ degree to the midsagittal plane of the body

A

30 to 50

41
Q

best position to demonstrates the thoracic foramina

A

AP Projection

42
Q

mastoid tip, 1 inch below EAM

A

C1

43
Q

Gonion

A

C3

44
Q

Adam’s apple

A

C4 /C5

45
Q

body of T1

A

vertebra prominens

46
Q

1.5 inches superior to jugular notch

A

T1

47
Q

jugular notch

A

T2 / T3

48
Q

sternal angle

A

Junction of T4 and T5

49
Q

3 to 4 inches inferior to the jugular notch or at the midpoint of the jugular notch and the xiphoid process

A

T7

50
Q

xiphoid process

A

junction of T9 and T10

51
Q

greater trochanter

A

symphysis pubis

52
Q

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
(ASIS)

A

S1/S2

53
Q

Iliac Crest

A

Junction of L4 and L5

54
Q

The lowest margin of the ribs

A

L2 - L3

55
Q

Xiphoid Tip

A

Junction of T9 - T10

56
Q

fracture of the Dens

A

Odontoid fx.

57
Q

kyphosis with onset in adolescence

A

Scheuermann’s Disease / Adolescent Kyphosis

58
Q

Comminuted fracture of
the ring of C1

A

jefferson fx

59
Q

Fracture that causes
compaction of bone and a decrease in
length or width.

A

Compression fx

60
Q

congenital condition in
which the posterior aspects of the vertebrae fail to develop, thus exposing part of the spinal cord. Occurs most often at L5

A

Spina Bifida

61
Q

generic term used to describe an injury to the neck caused when the neck is suddenly and/or violently jolted in one direction to another. occurs in people who have experienced a vehicular accident.

A

whiplash

62
Q

Fracture of the anterior arch of C2 due to hyperextension, introduced by Schneider in 1965

A

hangman’s fx

63
Q

result from a hyperflexion force that causes fracture through the vertebral body and posterior elements, back seat passenger restrained by a lap seatbelt and involved in a motor vehicle accident or that of a person who has fallen from a height

A

Chance fx

64
Q

fractures of the spinous process of a lower cervical vertebra (usually C7), and are usually a stress fracture

A

Clay-shoveler’s fractures

65
Q

mechanism of injury is compression with hyperflexion in the cervical region. The vertebral body is comminuted, with triangular fragments avulsed from the anteroinferior border and fragments from the posterior vertebral body displaced into the spinal canal.

A

Teardrop Burst Fracture

66
Q

inflammation of the vertebrae

A

spondylitis

67
Q

inflammatory condition that usually begins in the sacroiliac joints and progresses up the vertebral column. The spine may become completely rigid as the intervertebral and costovertebral joints fuse

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

68
Q

forward displacement of a vertebra, especially
the fifth lumbar vertebra, most
commonly occurring after a break or fracture.

A

Spondylolisthesis

69
Q

Backward displacement is referred to as

A

retrolisthesis.

70
Q

defect or fracture of the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch.

A

Spondylolysis

71
Q

term referring to
degenerative osteoarthritis of the joints
of the spinal vertebrae

A

Spondylosis

72
Q

occurs when
the vertebra takes on a characteristic of the adjacent region of the spine. Most often in the lumbosacral region in which the vertebrae possess enlarged transverse processes. Another example of transitional vertebra involves the cervical and lumbar ribs.

A

Transitional Vertebra

73
Q

congenital anomaly, in which the transverse process of the last lumbar vertebra (L5) fuses to the sacrum on one side or both, or to ilium, or both.

A

Sacralization of the fifth lumbar vertebra

74
Q

condition of being dislocated

A

Luxation

75
Q

incomplete or partial dislocation

A

Subluxation

76
Q

condition is
characterized by loss of bone mass.

A

Osteoporosis

radana (3 decks)

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