skull Flashcards
Protective housing of the brain
skull / calvarium
bones of skull
22
cranium
● Frontal - 1
● Occipital - 1
● Temporal - 2
● Parietal - 2
● Ethmoidal -1
● Sphenoidal -1
● where the Frontal Sinus is located and serves as the roof of the orbit
● articulates with 4 cranial bones, and with 8 facial bones
frontal bone
● largest portion of the cranium.
● articulates with 5 cranial bones
parietal bone
● inferoposterior part of the cranium
● where the Foramen Magnum is located
● articulates with Atlas through
Atlanto-Occipital Joint.
● articulates with 5 cranial bones
occipital bone
● location of Pars Petrosa or Petrous Pyramid that houses the organ of hearing and balance
● contains the mastoid portion of the skull
● location of TM fossa
● articulates w/ 3 cranial bones
● “squamous portion”
● most vulnerable portion of the skull to fracture
temporal bone
- smallest among the cranial bones of the skull
● contains the ethmoidal sinuses w/in its labyrinths
● where the Crista Galli is located (E.C.G).
● articulates w/ 2 cranial and 11 facial bones
ethmoid bone
serves as the anterior attachment of the falx cerebri
crista galli
● bat shape
● location of Sella Turcica / Turkish
Saddle
● contains the sphenoid sinuses.
● contains the foramen Rotundum, Ovale, Spinosum located w/in the greater wing of the sphenoid, and also the Optic
Foramen
● serves as the keystone of the cranium
● articulates w/ all 7 cranial bones, and 5
facial bones
sphenoid bone
bones of the cranial vault are composed of two plates of compact tissue separated by an inner layer of spongy tissue
diploe
● articulations or joints of the cranium
● classified as fibrous joints (Immovable/
Synarthrodial-type joints).
sutures
separates the frontal
bone from the two parietal bones.
coronal suture
separating the two
parietal bones in the midline.
sagittal suture
separates the two
parietal bones from the occipital bone.
lambdoidal suture
are formed by the inferior junctions of the two parietal bones with their respective temporal bones
squamosal sutures
anterior end of the sagittal suture.
bregma
posterior end of sagittal suture
lambda
are points at the junction of
the parietals, temporals, and the greater wings of the sphenoid. (The ____ are
at the posterior end of the sphenoparietal suture).
pterions
are points posterior to the ear where the squamosal and lambdoidal sutures meet.
asterions
membrane-covered openings or “soft spots.”
fontanels
● provide structure, shape, and support for the face.
● also form a protective housing for the upper ends of the respiratory and digestive tracts.
facial bones
14 facial bones
● Maxillae - 2
● Zygomatic Bones - 2
● Mandible - 1
● Nasal Bones - 2
● Lacrimal Bones - 2
● Inferior Nasal Conchae - 2
● Vomer - 1
● Palatine- 2
● largest immovable bones of the face.
● where the Antrum of Highmore is
located
maxillary bones
form the prominence of the cheek (Zygoma / Malar Bone).
zygomatic bone
bridge of the nose
nasal bone
smallest facial bones
lacrimal bones
turbinates, scroll shape
inferior nasal conchae
L shape
palatine bones
● plowshare
● inferior part of the nasal septum
vomer
● largest and densest facial bone.
● only movable bone in adult skull
mandible
40 degrees
dolichocephalic
47 degrees
mesocephalic
54 degrees
brachycephalic
divides the body into left and right halves.
MSP
line that connects the pupils or the outer canthi of the patient’s eyes.
Inter Pupillary Line (IPL/ IOL)
smooth, slightly raised triangular area between and slightly superior to the eyebrows and above the bridge of the nose.
Glabella
located at the junction of the two nasal bones and the frontal bone.
Nasion
“Little Thorn”, midline point
at the junction of the upper lip and the nasal septum.
Acanthion
lower posterior angle on each side of the jaw or mandible.
Gonion
large flap of ear made of cartilage
auricle/pinna
small cartilaginous flap that covers the opening of the ear
tragus
refers to the superior attachment of the auricle, or the part where the side frames of eyeglasses rest, corresponds to the highest level of the petrous ridge on each side.
TEA
OML
radiographic baseline
IOML
Anthropological Baseline, Reid’s
Baseline, Frankfurter line
OML to IOML
7 degrees
OML to GML
8 degrees
EOP
Inion
Anterior Nasal Spine
Acanthion
large air-filled cavities lined with mucous membrane, which is continuous with the nasal cavity
paranasal sinuses
pathways of communication between the frontal, maxillary, and ethmoid sinuses that provide drainage between these sinus cavities
Infundibulum
Irregular or jagged fracture of the skull
linear fractures
Ping-Pong fracture. A fragment of bone that is separated and depressed into the cranial cavity.
depression fx
Fracture located at the base of the skull.
basal skull fx
located to one side of a structure that is caused by an impact or blow on the opposite side
contrecoup fx
