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radana > digestive > Flashcards

digestive Flashcards

1
Q

function of the digestive system is to break down food via hydrolysis into simpler substances or molecules, called ___, that can be used by the body’s cells.

A

nutrients

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2
Q

chemical breakdown of a compound due to water interaction

A

hydrolysis

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3
Q

taking the food into the body.

A

ingestion

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4
Q

physical movement or pushing of food along the digestive tract

A

peristalsis

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5
Q

breakdown of food of both mechanical and chemical mechanisms

A

digestion

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6
Q

Passage of digestive food from the body from the digestive tract into the cardiovascular and lymphatic system for distribution to the body’s cells.

A

absorption

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7
Q

Elimination from the body of those substances that are ingestible and cannot be absorbed

A

defacation

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8
Q

Musculomembranous tube that extends to mount to the anus.

A

alimentary canal

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9
Q

accessory gland

A

liver,
gallbladder,
pancreas,
salivary gland

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10
Q

Food is masticated and converted into a bolus by salivation.

A

mouth

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11
Q

organ of swallowing

A

pharynx, esophagus

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12
Q

Where the digestive process
begins.

A

stomach

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13
Q

The digestive process
is completed.

A

small intestine

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14
Q

Organ of egestion and
water absorption.

A

large intestine

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15
Q
  • also called buccal cavity
  • first division of the digestive system
    ● roof of the oral cavity is formed by the
    hard and soft palates
    ● floor is formed by the tongue, and it
    communicates with the pharynx
    posteriorly via the oropharynx.
    ● encloses the dental arches and receives the saliva secreted by the salivary
    glands.
A

mouth or oral cavity

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16
Q

space between the teeth and the cheeks

A

oral vestibule

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17
Q

mouth proper, space within the dental arches

A

oral cavity

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18
Q

chewing

A

mastication

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19
Q

act of swallowing

A

deglutition

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20
Q

● Accessory organs of digestion
● Produce approx. __ of saliva
● The chewing movements initiate the
mechanical part of digestion

A

salivary glands, 1L

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21
Q

3 glands

A

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

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22
Q
  • Largest salivary gland
  • “near the ear”
  • Located anterior to the external ear.
A

parotid glands

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23
Q
  • Large, irregularly shaped glands
  • Submaxillary
  • Below mandible and maxillary.
A

submandibular gland

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24
Q
  • Smallest pair, narrow, and elongated in form
  • “Below the tongue”
A

sublingual gland

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25
Q

● term applied to the radiologic examination of the salivary glands and duct with the use of a contrast material, usually one of the water-soluble iodinated contrast media.
● used to show such conditions as inflammatory lesions and tumors.

A

sialography

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26
Q

Basic Views for Sialography

A

tangential, lateral, axial projection/intra-oral projection

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27
Q

parotid

A

tangential

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28
Q

parotid and submandibular

A

lateral

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29
Q

submandibular and sublingual

A

axial projection/intra-oral projection

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30
Q

● Posterior to the oral cavity
● The pharyngeal is subdivided into nasal,
oral, and laryngeal portions.

A

pharynx

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31
Q

length of pharynx

A

5 inches (12.5cm)

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32
Q

3 pharynx

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

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33
Q
  • Found posterior above the soft and hard palates.
  • Anteriorly communicates with the posterior apertures of the nose.
A

nasopharynx

34
Q
  • Extending from the soft palate to the level of the hyoid bone.
  • The base or root of the tongue forms the anterior wall of the oropharynx
A

oropharynx

35
Q
  • Hypopharynx
  • Extends inferiorly and is continuous
    with the esophagus.
A

laryngopharynx

36
Q

● AP and lateral using positive contrast
● The exposure must coincide with the
peak of anterior movement of the larynx
● Gunson method = String method

A

pharyngography

37
Q

● Long, muscular tube that carries food and saliva from the laryngopharynx to the stomach.

A

esophagus

38
Q

expanded portion of the terminal esophagus, which lies in the abdomen, is called the

A

cardiac antrum

39
Q

esophagus measure

A

10 inches long (25cm) and 3⁄4inch diameter ( 2cm)

40
Q

Ring of muscle found within the opening of the hole.

A

sphincters

41
Q

prevent reflux to avoid reflux esophagitis.

A

upper and lower sphincter

42
Q

wavelike series of
involuntary muscular contractions that propel solid and semisolid materials through the alimentary canal.

A

peristalsis

43
Q

collapsible tube that
opens only when swallowing occurs,
Peristaltic contraction starts here.

A

esophagus

44
Q

● Also called barium swallow
● Used to demonstrate the form and
function of the pharynx and esophagus.

A

esophagogram

45
Q

● Most dilated portion of the alimentary canal
● Shape and position of the stomach is highly variable from one body habitus to another.

A

stomach

46
Q

Food stays in the stomach for

A

2-6 hours (average of 3-4)

47
Q

stomach 4

A

● Esophagogastric junction (cardiac orifice)
● Cardiac sphincter
● Pyloric orifice or pylorus
● Pyloric sphincter

48
Q

aperture or opening between the esophagus and the stomach

A

Esophagogastric junction (cardiac orifice)

49
Q

small, circular muscle that allows food and fluid to pass through the cardiac orifice

A

cardiac sphincter

50
Q

the opening or orifice of the distal stomach.

A

pyloric orifice or pylorus

51
Q

thickened muscular ring that relaxes periodically during digestion, to allow stomach or gastric contents to move into the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum

A

pyloric sphincter

52
Q

ballooned portion that lies lateral and
superior to the cardiac antrum of the
esophagus

A

fundus

53
Q

in the upright position, the fundus is
usually filled by the bubble of swallowed air. This is referred to as a

A

gastric bubble.

54
Q

largest portion of the stomach

A

body

55
Q

as slight dilation immediately distal to the angular notch;

A

pyloric antrum

56
Q

ends the pyloric sphincter.

A

pyloric canal

57
Q

Stomach; high, transverse, and in the middle; extends from approx T9 to T12 with the center of the stomach 2.5 cm distal to the xiphoid process.

A

hypersthenic

58
Q

High, upper left, J-shaped, T11 to L2 or lower

A

sthenic

59
Q

J-shaped, T11 to L5 or lower. At the pelvis when standing.

A

hyposthenic / asthenic

60
Q

● Radiographic examination of the distal esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
● Purpose of the _ is to study radiographically the distal esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, and to detect abnormal anatomic and functional conditions.

A

upper GI series

61
Q

● 95% of water is absorbed in this place.
● A major portion of the absorption and
digestion occurs here
● Most drugs are absorbed her

A

small intestine

62
Q

Food stays __ hours in the small
intestine.

A

4-5

63
Q

small intestine measure

A

21 feet in length and averages 1 inch in
diameter

64
Q

3 parts of small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

65
Q

● Shortest, widest, and most fixed portion of the small bowel.
● Located primarily in the RUQ and extending into the LUQ

A

duodenum

66
Q

length of duodenum

A

20-25cm

67
Q

joins the jejunum at a point called

A

duodenojejunal flexure

68
Q

● Located primarily to the left of the midline in the LUQ, making up 2⁄5 of the remaining aspect of the small intestine.
● Radiographic reference point during a
small bowel study.
● Contains numeral mucosal folds (plicae
circulares) which increase the surface area to aid with the absorption of nutrients

A

jejunum

69
Q

diameter of jejunum

A

Inner diameter is approximately 2.5 cm.

70
Q

● Located primarily in the RLQ and LLQ.
● Makes up the distal 3⁄5 of the remaining aspect of the small intestine and is the
longest portion of the small intestine.

A

ileum

71
Q

Radiographic study of the small intestines with the use of the contrast media.

A

small bowel series

72
Q

Begins in the RLQ, just lateral to the ileocecal valve.

A

large intestine

73
Q

4 major parts of large intestine

A

cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal

74
Q

Food stays in the LI for

A

5-25 hours.

75
Q

Two flexures;

A

left (splenic) and right (hepatic) colic flexures.

76
Q

Large blind pouch located inferior to the level of the ileocecal valve.

A

cecum

77
Q

The most distal part of the small intestine, the ileum, joints the cecum at the ___. Acts as a sphincter, Prevent reflux

A

ileocecal valve

78
Q

Long, narrow,
worm shaped tube that extends from the cecum. Occasionally, fecal matter or barium sulfate from a GI tract study may fill the appendix and remain there indefinitely

A

vermiform appendix

79
Q

anal canal terminates as an opening to the exterior, the

A

anus

80
Q

rectum begins at the level of __ and is about 12 cm long (4 1⁄2 inches).

A

S3, 12 cm long (4 1/2 inches)

81
Q

The final __ of large intestine is constricted to form the anal canal.

A

2.5 to 4 cm (1 to 1 1⁄2 inches)

82
Q

● Radiographic study of the large intestine.
● Purpose is to demonstrate radiographically the form and function of the large intestine to detect any abnormal conditions.
● Both the single-contrast and the double-contrast barium enema involve the study of the entire large intestine.

A

barium enema

radana (3 decks)

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