Spine Flashcards by Alyssa H

What are the three purposes of the spine?

protection, stability, mobility

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How many degrees of motion in spine mobility?

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What forces does the spine provide stability against?

tension, compression, bending, twisting

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Neuromobility

-sliding/gliding and tensioning/slacking can happen
-nerves CAN’T stretch
**chain link fence

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does anterior column consist of?

vertebrae, intervertebral discs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does posterior column consist of?

bony rings, facets, and foramen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Purpose of vertebral foramen

-creates spinal canal which houses spinal cord (central nerves)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Purpose of intervertebral foramen

houses the nerve roots (PN)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Spinal regions

-cervical: C1-C7
-thoracic: T1-T12
-lumbar: L1-L5
-sacrum: 5 fused
-coccyx: 4 fused

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sagittal plane development

-C spine lordosis develops w/ head lift
-L spine lordosis develops w/ sitting

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cervical vertebrae (C3-C7)characteristics

-vertebral bodies have joints of Luschka
-transverse processes have vertebral artery foramen
-bifid spinous process
-facet planes on an 30-45 degree, oblique plane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Typical cervical vertebrae characteristics

-shorter spinous process
-large and triangular vertebral foramen
-superior and inferior facets

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Thoracic vertebrae characteristics

-triangular body shape
-vertebral foramen- relatively small
-transverse processes - swept posteriorly
-articular facets for ribs
-spinous process (long and swept inferiorly)
-facet planes more vertically inclined

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Thoracic spine rule

T1-T3 SP and TP same level
T4-T6 SP 1/2 level below TP
T7-T9 SP full level below TP
T10 full level below
T11 1/2 level below
T12 same level

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Purpose of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar

-cervical: mobility
-thoracic: stability/protection
-lumbar: stability

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lumbar vertebrae characteristics

-large body
-transverse and spinous processes: thick and broad
-large discs for WB
-facet planes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does a spinal segment consist of?

-adjacent halves of two vertebrae
-disc
-contents of vertebral and intervertebral foramen
-facets
-associated ligaments, muscle, fascia

What does the disc (anterior joint) consist of?

-annulus fibrosis
-nucleus pulposis (rich w/ proteoglycans)
-vertebral end plates

What are facet joints created by?

inferior articular process of superior vertebra, superior articular process of inferior vertebra

What are joints of luschka?

C3-C6
-allows WB force transmission across anterior elements
-allows flex/ext tracking

What type of load do facet joints bear? How much?

Compressive load; 30%

What type of load do intervertebral discs bear? How much?

Shear and torsional loads; 70%

What muscles are in the anterior chain?

Longus colli and psoas

What muscles are in the posterior chain?

Paraspinals, glutes, and hs

Which muscles are the movers?

Erector spinae, rectus abdominus, obliques, glute max, hs

Which muscles are stabilizers?

Multifidus, rotators, pelvic floor, diaphragm, TVA

Ilial motions in relation to sacrum

Rotations, out/inflare, up/down slips

Sacral motions

Flex/ext, rotations

Pubic motion

Upslip

What are the functions of the sub-cranial region?

-supports the head on the spine -encases and protects neural elements -allows for quick motions and reflexive balance and righting rxns

What is C1 and C2?

C1 - Atlas C2 - Axis

Characteristics of C1

-no vertebral body -large superior facets -articulates w/ dens from C2 to allow large range of rotation

Characteristics of C2

-dens projects from body into C1 ring -dens is anterior superior to spinal cord and is where head rotation occurs

What motions occur at occiput-C1 and C1-C2?

Occiput-C1 = flex/ext, SB C1-C2 = rotation of 1/2 cervical motion

Occipital-Atlanta (OA) joint

-2 articulations -atlas and occipital -allows flex/ext

Articulations and motion of Atlanta-Axial (AA) joint

-3 articulations (2 lateral between inferior and superior facets C1 and C2, 1 median between dens and anterior arch of atlas) -side to side head turns

Fryette’s First Law

When the spine is in neutral, SB-ing to one side will be accompanied by rotation to the opposite side

Fryette’s Second Law

When the spine is in a flex/ext position, SB-ing to one side will be accompanied by rotation to the SAME side

Fryette’s Third Law

When motion is introduced in one plane it will modify/reduce motion in the other two planes

Fryette’s Laws regarding cervical

Not relevant b/c in c/s SB-ing and rotation always occur to SAME side

Facet open/close: lumbar/thoracic

SB R = R closes/L opens SB L = L closes/R opens Flex = both open Ext = both close Rot R = R opens/L closes Rot L = L opens/R closes

Facet open/close: cervical

SB R/Rot R = R closes SB L/Rot L = L closes Flex = both open Ext = both close