Shoulder

Question 1

What are the 4 anatomic articulations of the shoulder?

Answer 1

GH, sternoclavicular, AC, and scapulothoracic

Question 2

What are 6 biomechanical articulations of the shoulder?

Answer 2

GH, sternoclavicular, AC, scapulothoracic, upper thoracic spine, and coraco-acromial arch

Question 3

What type of joint is GH?

Answer 3

ball and socket

Question 4

What provides ligamentous support for GH joint?

Answer 4

Anterior and posterior ligaments, joint capsule

Question 5

When do each anterior GH ligaments feel tension?

Answer 5

superior - arm at side
middle - 45 degrees
inferior - 90 degrees

Question 6

What are the arthrokinematics of GH joint?

Answer 6

convex moving on concave; roll and slide in opposite directions

Question 7

What are the 5 scapulothoracic joint motions?

Answer 7

depression, elevation, retraction, protraction and upward rotation

Question 8

Describe the functional mobility scratch tests

Answer 8

Behind the back: ext and IR
Behind the neck: flex, ER

Question 9

What are the component motions of the clavicle?

Answer 9

-elevation/depression on ant/post axis
-protraction/retraction on vertical axis
-rotation on medial/lateral axis

Question 10

What provides stability for AC joint?

Answer 10

AC and coracoclavicular ligaments

Question 11

4 functional muscle groups (4 P’s)

Answer 11

protectors, positioners, powerers, propellers

Question 12

Rotator cuff muscles

Answer 12

infra/supraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

Question 13

Which rotator cuff is most commonly torn? What compensates?

Answer 13

Supraspinatus; delt will compensate

Question 14

What are the GH protectors/stabilizers?

Answer 14

rotator cuff and long head of biceps

Question 15

What are the scapular positioners?

Answer 15

thorax to scapular muscles; traps, rhomboids, SA, pec minor, and levator

Question 16

What are the GH powerers?

Answer 16

deltoid

Question 17

UE propellers?

Answer 17

thorax to humerus muscles; pec major and lats

Question 18

What is the subacromial (coraco-acromial) arch?

Answer 18

coracoid process to acromion process

Question 19

Structures under subacromial arch

Answer 19

sub-deltoid bursa, rotator cuff, long head of biceps, bony aspects of humeral head

Question 20

Which muscle at GH joint is responsible for horizontal ABD?

Answer 20

posterior delt; inability to do horizontal abd can be sign of axillary nerve palsy

Question 21

What’s a force couple?

Answer 21

2 or more muscles in different areas that work to move a muscle

Question 22

What structures have less vascularity?

Answer 22

cartilage, bone, cruciate ligaments, menisci, hip labrum

Question 23

What is frozen shoulder?

Answer 23

trauma, immobility, or idiopathic inflammation of joint capsule

Question 24

What is subacromial impingement?

Answer 24

shoulder pain/dysfunction w/ overhead elevation caused by irritation between subacromial arch and underlying soft tissues

Question 25

Contributing factors to subacromial impingement?

Answer 25

-structural: acromial slope (curved, straight, beaked)
-postural: forward scapula