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533 > Elbow, forearm, wrist > Flashcards

Elbow, forearm, wrist Flashcards

1
Q

Elbow complex

A

anatomically two articulations

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2
Q

Humeroulnar joint is what type?

A

simple hinge

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3
Q

Humeroradial joint is what type?

A

pivot joint resembling very shallow ball and socket; radius is the socket

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4
Q

Humoral ulnar joint movement

A

-single degree of freedom in sagittal plane
-0-140 degrees flex/ext

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5
Q

Forearm motion

A

-1 degree of freedom
-transverse plane
-involves 3 joints (humeroradial spins, proximal and distal radio-ulnar glide)

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6
Q

Which humeral condyle is longer? What does it create?

A

medial; carrying angle (normal 5-15 degrees)

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7
Q

Collateral ligaments: medial vs. lateral

A

-medial collateral sprains more common than lateral w/ fall onto outstx hand

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8
Q

Annular ligament

A

constrains radial head while allowing spin (band that secures radial head onto ulna)

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9
Q

What is a universal concern after elbow trauma/immobilization?

A

stiffness

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10
Q

Compensatory motion for pronation

A

shoulder abd and IR

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11
Q

Compensatory motion for supination

A

none

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12
Q

What to anticipate w/ epicondylar fracture?

A

flex/ext contractures

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13
Q

What to anticipate w/ radial head fracture?

A

pro/sup hurdles

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14
Q

Casting after elbow trauma should bias towards…

A

flex and sup

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15
Q

What insufficiency occurs w/ passive wrist extension

A

-fist = more extension
-fingers extended = less (flexors are passively insufficient b/c lengthened)

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16
Q

Muscles of elbow

A

-brachialis: inserts into ulna, originates on humerus (pure flexor)
-biceps: inserts into radius; flexor and supinator
-brachioradialis: inserts into distal radius; type III lever w/ elbow in mid range flex
-triceps: extensors

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17
Q

Medial mass forearm muscles

A

pronators, wrist and finger flexors

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18
Q

Lateral mass forearm muscles

A

supinators, wrist and finger extensors

19
Q

Major proximal artery/vein in shoulder complex

A

axillary

20
Q

Two major mixed nerves proximally

A

axillary, musculocutaneous

21
Q

3 major nerves distally at elbow (2 ant. and 1 post. to joint axis)

A

-anterior: radial, median
-posterior: ulnar

22
Q

Where can nerve entrapments occur? What damage can they cause?

A

-ulnar in cubital tunnel (damage causes claw hand)
-median travels in carpal tunnel, entrapment ant. forearm (damage thumb muscles)
-radial entrapment in fascia(?) damage causes wrist drop

23
Q

Mobility/stability in RA? What deviation?

A

more mobility, less stability into ulnar deviation

24
Q

Thrower’s elbow

A

repetitive valgus stress on medial collateral ligament

25
Q

Little League elbow

A

stress on cartilage growth plate

26
Q

Nursemaid’s elbow

A

dislocate radial head out of annular ligament

27
Q

Active insufficiency

A

muscles too shortened and no longer has ability to generate effective muscular force

28
Q

Passive insufficiency

A

muscles too lengthened and no longer has ability to generate optimal muscular force

29
Q

Radial nerve palsy does what to long finger flexors?

A

active insufficiency

30
Q

Hand rules of 1/2’s

A

thumb is 1/2 and sensation is 1/2 hand function

31
Q

Digit alignment

A

each finger naturally flexes to center of wrist (lunate; combined flexion is system of stability)

32
Q

Degrees of freedom in MP joint

A

2; flex/ext, abd/add

33
Q

Degrees of freedom in DIP joint

A

1; flex/ext

34
Q

Degrees of freedom in C-MC joint

A

3; flex/ext, abd/add, opposition

35
Q

Ligaments of hand

A

-collateral ligaments at all articulations
-transverse ligaments across heads of finger metacarpals

36
Q

Collateral ligaments in flexion and extension

A

-flexion = closed pack
-extension = loose pack

37
Q

Carpal-metacarpal joint arthrokinematics

A

-flex/ext: distal concave moving on proximal convex (trapezium convex)
-abd/add: distal convex moving on proximal concave (trapezium concave)

think saddle

38
Q

What is the resting hand position?

A

30 degree wrist ext, 80 degrees MP flex, full IP ext

39
Q

What are the extrinsic finger muscles?

A

MP extensors, long finger flexors

40
Q

What are the intrinsic finger muscles?

A

lumbricals, interossei

41
Q

What are the extrinsic thumb muscles?

A

FPL, APL, EPL and EPB

42
Q

What are the intrinsic thumb muscles?

A

thenar eminence (FPL, APB, OP)

43
Q

Grips for power and what muscles

A

power and hook; extrinsic muscles, long finger flexors

44
Q

Grips for precision and what muscles

A

pinch/precision grip; intrinsic muscles and thumb

533 (5 decks)

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