Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK 2 > Spine > Flashcards

Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What causes 70% of LBP

A

Lumbar strain or sprain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What causes 10% of LBP

A

Degenerative changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What causes 4% of LBP

A

Herniated disc or compression fx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Classifications for LBP

A

Manipulation, specific exercise, stabilization, and traction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Red flags for LBP (cauda equina syndrome)

A

Sudden loss or changes in bladder/bowel control, sudden onset or unexplained bilateral weakness, and saddle numbness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Red flags for immediate evaluation (within 24 hours)

A

Fever over 100.4 for 48 hours, unrelenting night pain or pain at rest, new onset of progressive pain with numbness below the knee, leg weakness, progressive neurological deficit, pt. Requests same-day appointment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Red flags for LBP evaluation within 2-7 days

A

Exertion injury, hx of back sx, chronic back pain (over 6 weeks), unexplained weight loss (over 10 lbs in 6 months), over 50y/o, or hx of cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Indications for lumbar spine radiographs

A

Unrelenting night pain or pain at rest, hx or suspicion of cancer, fever >100.4 for 48 hours, osteoporosis, systemic diseases, neuromotor or sensory deficit, chronic oral steroids, immunosuppression, serious accident or injury, or suspicion of Ankylosing spondylitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

12 red flags by American college of radiology

A

Trauma (cumulative), focal neuro, prior surgery, duration over 6 weeks, fever (infection), diabetes, cancer, IV drug use, prolonged steroid use, over 70, osteoporosis, unexpected weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Manipulation classification criteria

A

No sx distal to knee, recent onset of sx, low FABQ score, hypo mobility of lumbar spine, Hip IR ROM >35o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Stabilization classification criteria

A

Younger than 40, greater general flexibility, instability catch or aberrant movements during lumbar flex/ext, positive prone instability test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Specific exercise on classification for extension

A

Sx distal to buttock, sx centralize with lumbar ext, sx peripheralize with lumbar flexion, directional preference for extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Specific exercise classification criteria for flexion

A

Older than 50, directional preference for flexion, imaging evidence of lumbar spinal stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Specific exercise classification criteria for lateral shift

A

Visible frontal plane deviation of shoulders relative to pelvis, directional preference for lateral translation movements of pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Traction classification criteria

A

S/sx of nerve root compression, no movements centralize sx, may peripherlaize with ext

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Strong recommendations for acute and subacute LBP

A

Activity, avoid bed rest, education, exercise to tx and prevent, heat, use caution with opioids, spinal manipulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Weak recommendations for acute and subacute LBP

A

Acupuncture, avoid cryotherapy, epidural steroid injections, muscle relaxants, NSAIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which disorder presents with decreased ROM in side-bending opposite and rotation towards involved side

A

Facet dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

85-95% of spondylolysis occur where

A

L5

20
Q

5-15% of spondylolysis occur in

A

L3 or L4

21
Q

Type 1 spondy

A

Displastic lesion, congenitally abnormal L5, pars intact

22
Q

Type 2 spondy

A

Isthmic lesion through pars interarticularis (2a fatigue fx, most common in youth, 2b elongation, 2c acute fx)

23
Q

Type 3 spondy

A

Degenerative

24
Q

Type 4 spondy

A

Traumatic (acute fx not at pars)

25
Q

Type 5 spondy

A

Pathological (associated with bone disease)

26
Q

0-25% slippage is classified as

A

Grade 1 spondylolisthesis

27
Q

25-50% slippage is classified as

A

Grade 2 spondylolisthesis

28
Q

50-75% is classified as

A

Grade 3 spondylolisthesis

29
Q

75-100% slippage is classified as

A

Grade 4 spondylolisthesis

30
Q

> 100% slippage is classified as

A

Grade 5 spondylolisthesis

31
Q

Vertebral body fx MOi

A

Trauma related to collision sports, axial loading, high energy with flexed spine (most common T11-L1)

32
Q

Spinous process fx MOI

A

Youth with traction on apoptosis of vertebrae, direct trauma, resisted forcible contraction

33
Q

Transverse process MOi

A

Tension from lumbar fascia or Psoas avulsion

34
Q

Disc pathology will normall fall within 3 categories

A

Stabilization, specific exercise, and traction

35
Q

What percentages of youth and adults have sx discs

A

11% of youth and 48% of adults

36
Q

What stage of disc herniation involves >25% of disc circumference

A

Disc bulge

37
Q

What stage of disc herniation involves <25% of disc circumference and the base is wider than herniation

A

Disc protrusion

38
Q

What stage of disc herniation involves >25% of disc circumference and the base is narrower than the herniation

A

Disc extrusion

39
Q

What stage of disc herniation involves free fragment of disc material with no connection to the disc

A

Disc sequestration

40
Q

MOi of disc herniation

A

Compression in flexion with rotation, repeated flexion leading to overuse

41
Q

Disc presentation

A

Gradual worsening localized back pain ,back stiffness, pain with motion, especially flexion, paraspinal muscle spasm , possible weakness or dermatomal parenthesis, pain with coughing, sneezing, or valsalva, any neuro s/sx

42
Q

What condition is defined as juvenile osteochondrosis of intervertebral discs in thoracic or thoracolumbar region

A

Scheuermann’s disease

43
Q

What is it called with disc material shows through cartilaginous endplates

A

Schmorl’s nodes

44
Q

MOi for Scheurmann’s disease

A

Sports and repetitive flexion and extension, can occur from trauma, more common in males

45
Q

What kind of scoliosis is present while pt is standing upright and while forward flexed

A

Structural

46
Q

What kind of scoliosis is present but disappears during flexion

A

Functional

MSK 2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions