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MSK 2 > Cervical Spine > Flashcards

Cervical Spine Flashcards

1
Q

which is the key ligament in maintaining stability of atlanto-axial articulation and restricts flexion and anterior displacement of the atlas

A

transverse atlantal ligament

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2
Q

which vertebrae cause 80% of cervical flexion and extension

A

C3-C7

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3
Q

which vertebrae cause 50% of cervical rotation

A

occiput, C1, and C2

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4
Q

where to palpate the hyoid bone

A

below mandible, proximal to thyroid, pincer grip, translate laterally and instruct to swallow

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5
Q

where to palpate thyroid cartilage

A

level of c4 and c5, V-shaped notch, raises and lowers during swallowing

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6
Q

where to palpate cricoid cartilage

A

level of C6, thickened rink along anterior surface

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7
Q

which spinous process is located b/w angle of mandible and mastoid process

A

C1

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8
Q

which spinous process is located at the angle of the mandible

A

C2

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9
Q

which spinous process is located at the hyoid

A

C3

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10
Q

which spinous process is located at the thyroid cartilage

A

C4/C5

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11
Q

which spinous process is located at the first cricoid ring

A

C6

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12
Q

which spinous process is located at the cartilage below the cricoid ring

A

C7

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13
Q

which transverse process is located finger width below mastoid process

A

C1

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14
Q

which transverse process is located at the carotid tubercle

A

C6

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15
Q

most commonly injured vertebrae

A

C2, C6,C7

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16
Q

c-spine injuries account for how much of all spinal injuries

A

1/3

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17
Q

most risk for c-spine injuries sports

A

diving, equestrian, football, gymnastics, skiing, and hang gliding

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18
Q

hyperflexion mechanisms

A

tackling by face guard, head-butting, MVA

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19
Q

hyperextension mechanisms

A

striking head against object and MVA

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20
Q

axial loading mechanisms

A

spearing and diving into shallow water

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21
Q

hyperflexion injuries

A

cervical cord neuropraxia, wedge fx, flexion teardrop, clay-shovelers, and facet dislocation

22
Q

hyperextension injuries

A

cervical cord neuropraxia, handmans, and extension teardrop

23
Q

axial loading injuries

A

tetraplegia, occipital condyle fx, atlas/jefferson fx, C2 dens fx, and burst fx

24
Q

acute transient neurologic episode from hyperextension/flexion with compression

A

cervical cord neurapraxia

25
Q

neurogenic shock presents with

A

hypotension, bradycardia, flaccid praralysis distal, warm,flushed skin, loss of bladder/bowel control, and loss of thermoregulation

26
Q

what level of c-spine injury will require external breathing device

A

C1-C3

27
Q

which level of injury requires assistance with respiration

A

C4

28
Q

MOI for atlanto-occipital dislocation

A

extreme hyperextension with distraction

29
Q

type 1 occipital condyle fx

A

MOI axial loading

30
Q

type 2 occipital condyle fx

A

fx is an extension of cranial basilar fx

31
Q

type 3 occipital condyle fx

A

avulsion of condyle during rotation, lateral bending or a combination

32
Q

most common C1 fx

A

jefferson fx

33
Q

most common axis injury

A

C2 dens fx

34
Q

type 1 dens fx

A

oblique fx through upper portion of dens process

35
Q

type 2 dens fx

A

across base of dens process at junction with axis body 50-75%

36
Q

type 3 dens fx

A

through dens extending into C2 body 15-25%

37
Q

bilateral C2 pars fx

A

C2 hangman’s fx

38
Q

compression fx resulting from flexion (stable)

A

wedge fx

39
Q

similar to flexion teardrop fx (axial loading with neck in neutral or hyperflexion)

A

burst fx

40
Q

most severe c-spine fx

A

flexion teardrop

41
Q

teardrop avulsion fx of anterior-inferior corner of vertebral body

A

extension teardrop

42
Q

most common level for flexion teardrop

A

C5-C6

43
Q

most common level for extension teardrop

A

C2

44
Q

oblique spinous process fx

A

clay-shovelers

45
Q

most common level for clay-shovelers

A

C6,C7,T1

46
Q

what torg ration indicated spinal stenosis

A

<0.80

47
Q

normal spinal canal diameter

A

15mm

48
Q

C2-C3 pain patterns (CR)

A

headaches

49
Q

C3-C4 pain patterns (CR)

A

neck pain

50
Q

C4-C5 pain patterns (CR)

A

neck pain and shoulder pain

51
Q

C5-C6 pain patterns (CR)

A

shoulder pain

52
Q

C6-C7 pain patterns (CR)

A

shoulder and back pain

MSK 2 (9 decks)

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