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T1- spinalbiomech > SpinalBioMech Midterm Lec 6 &7 > Flashcards

SpinalBioMech Midterm Lec 6 &7 Flashcards

1
Q

_______: external force applied to a structure

A

Load

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2
Q

Load produces ______

A

deformation

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3
Q

______: internal reaction to applied force

A

stress

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4
Q

Load is ______ forces applied to a structure

A

external

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5
Q

Stress is _____ reaction to applied force

A

internal

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6
Q

______ : material deformation resulting from stress

A

strain

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7
Q

Strain is material _____ resulting from stress

A

deformation

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8
Q

______: slack is removed with minimal force

A

toe region

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9
Q

_______: the structure returns to its original dimensions

A

elastic region

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10
Q

______: btw elastic and plastic region

A

yeild point

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11
Q

____: deformation is permanent

A

plastic region

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12
Q

______: material fails under load

A

ultimate failure point

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13
Q

_______ loading: creates tensile stress & strain

A

tensile loading

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14
Q

____ loading: creates compressive stress and strain

A

compressive loading

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15
Q

____ loading : the result of parallel equal forces in opposite directions

A

shear

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16
Q

______ loading: the result of forces applies perpendicular to the long axis of a structure

A

torsion loading

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17
Q

___ force : combination of tension, compression stress & strain

A

bending forces

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18
Q

_____: materials resistance to flow; a fluid property

A

viscosity

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19
Q

___: a materials ability to recover after deformation

A

elasticity

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20
Q

____: material deformation to a maintained load, the original form is regained after the load is removed

A

creep

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21
Q

what is creep a characteristic of ?

A

viscoelasticity

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22
Q

______: failure, tearing & diruption of CT fibers (usually tendons, lig & other soft tis strucutres)

A

rupture

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23
Q

______: tearing off of a bony attachment

A

avulsion

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24
Q

_____: a failure of bony tiss

A

fracture

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25
Q

Grade ____ sprain: only a few fibers are involved, good chance of tissue recovery

A

Grade I

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26
Q

Grade ___ sprain: more fibers involved & partial tearing, does not completely recover

A

Grade II

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27
Q

Grade ____ sprain: complete rupture; no change of recovery; possible bone involvement

A

Grade III

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28
Q

A joint sprain is a ___ injury

A

ligament

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29
Q

____tiss - can withstand sig greater compressive forces than tensile forces before failure

A

bone

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30
Q

bone can withstand greater ____ forces then ____ forces

A

compressive forces, tensile forces

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31
Q

Tendons have good ___ strength

A

tensile

32
Q

_____ is a reduction in tensil forces of tendons

A

immobilization

33
Q

_______ of tendons can lead to atrophy

A

immobilization

34
Q

atrophy of the tendons is most common at the _______

A

musculotendonous junction (MTJ)

35
Q

_____ can handle less tensile strength but can handle a wide range of load directions better than tendons

A

ligament

36
Q

ligaments can handle less _______ byt can handle a wide range of _____

A

less tensile strength , load directions

37
Q

recovery time for a tendon who has been immobilized

A

up to a year

38
Q

cartilage responds well to __ forces

A

compressive

39
Q

Why does cartilage recover rapidly?

A

due to fluid exudation and inhibitions

40
Q

___: connect bony components using fibrous or cartiaginous CT

A

synarthroses

41
Q

___: cranial sutures, gomphoses and symdesmosis

A

fibrous

42
Q

_____ are interosseous membranes

A

symdesmosis

43
Q

___ types are pubic symbsis , IVDS and areas of bone growth

A

cartiaginous

44
Q

___: areas of bone growth

A

synchondrosis

45
Q

_____: connect bony surfaces indirectly by means of a joint capsule

A

diarthroses

46
Q

___ are surrounded by jt capsules

A

synovial joints

47
Q

_____ axial- motion occurs in one plane and around a single axis of rotation

A

uniaxial

48
Q

uniaxial occur in _____ plane

A

one

49
Q

uniaxial occur around how many planes of rotation

A

one

50
Q

example of a hinge jt

A

finger , elbow

51
Q

example of a pivot jt

A

atlantoaxial jt

52
Q

what are two uniaxial joints

A

hinge and pivot

53
Q

___- motion occurs in two plants and around two axis of rotation

A

biaxial

54
Q

ow many degrees of freedom does biaxial have

A

2

55
Q

__ jt- has 1 concave and 1 convex surface that slide over each other in 2 directions

A

condyloid joints

56
Q

Give two examples of a condyloid jt

A

MCP and occipital condyles

57
Q

____ jt : each joint surface is both concave in one plane and convex in anther

A

saddle

58
Q

have and example of a saddle jt

A

thumb

59
Q

name two biaxial joints

A

condyloid and saddle

60
Q

___- motion is in three planes and around three axes of rotation

A

triaxial

61
Q

name two triaxial joints

A

plane joint and ball-and-socket

62
Q

another name for triaxial

A

multiaxial

63
Q

______ joint - permit gliding in several directions

A

plane joint

64
Q

give two examples of a plane joint

A

carpel and tarsel

65
Q

_____- allows for Flex/Ext. abd/add and rotation in combo of each other

A

ball and socket

66
Q

give two examples of a ball and socket jt

A

hip and GH joing

67
Q

what jts can be affected if flexion of the knee occurs in an open chain

A

hip flex , dorsifexion of the ankle

68
Q

_______ the amt of motion allowed by active voluntary movement by skeletal muscle contraction

A

active ROM

69
Q

_____ the amt of motion allowed by passively moving a joint pass its active rom

A

pass ROM

70
Q

_____ the springiness allowed by the soft tiss at the end of passive rom

A

end feel

71
Q

another name for normal ROM

A

anatomic ROM , physiologic ROM

72
Q

name four determining factors of anatomic ROM

A
  1. joint shape
  2. joint capsule/ lig
  3. muscle/ tendon
  4. surrounding structures
73
Q

name three arthrokinematic motions

A
  1. roll
  2. slide
  3. spin
74
Q

____ is the motion of one joint surface relative to the one adjacent

A

arthrokinematics

75
Q

in close pack position lig and capsues are maximally _____

A

taut

76
Q

what is the position that the jt is at its greatest stability

A

close pack

77
Q

position where the jt has max amt of jt play

A

loose pack

T1- spinalbiomech (6 decks)

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