Spinal Osteology Flashcards
Regions of the spine
Vertebrae
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Cervical typical and atypical
Typical C3,4,5,6
Atypical C1,2,7
C7 has no what
Bifid spinous process
What makes a typical cervical vertebrae
Small body and larger vertebral foramen
Transverse process short with transverse foramen for protection
Bifid or forked spinous process in C3-C6
C7 vertebra prominens
Thoracic typical and atypical
Typical T2,3,4,5,6,7,8
Atypical T1,9,10,11,12
Typical thoracic vertebrae characteristics
Larger body than cervical but smaller than lumber
Spinous processes pointed and angled downward
Superior articular facets face posteriorly permitting some rotation bt adjacent vertebrae
Rib attachment
How do ribs attach?
Costal facets on vertebral body and at ends of transverse processes for articulation of ribs
T9 atypical vertebral body has
2 superior demi facets for attachment of 9th ribs
May or may not have inferior demi facets
Atypical thoracic vertebra T1
Superior full facet for head of rib
Inferior demi facet for part of rib
Atypical thoracic vertebra T10
Two superior full facets
No inferior facets
Atypical thoracic vertebra T11
Two superior full facets
No inferior facets
No transverce facet (floating rib)
Atypical thoracic vertebra T12
Two superior full facets
No inferior
No transverse facets (floating rib)
Transverse processes have 3 tubercles homologous to lumbar vertebrae
Superior mammillary
Inferior accessory
Lateral transverse
Lumbar typical and atypical
Typical: L1,2,3,4
Atypical: L5 (minor difference)
Atypical lumbar vertebra L5
Body is not as thick
TPs are short and thick
Short stubby spinous
Superior articular surfaces face more posterior and less medial
Inferior articular processes face more anterior and less lateral
SN: lumbo-sacral facet syndrome-asymmetrical facing facets
Curvatures of the spine - normal and abnormal
Normal:
- lordotic - secondary - develops d/t movement
- kyphotic - primary - born with anterior/posterior curve
- can be abnml if exaggerated
Abnormal:
- scoliosis - lateral curvature of the spine
The spine is originally a
Concave curvature
How are curves put into the spine?
Forces that are applied to them
What are the other osseous structures of the axial skeleton
Ribs
Sternum
Hyoid bone
Ribs:
RIb 1 articulates with 1 vertebral bobay
2-8 articulate with 2 vertebral bodies
-numbered for the superior vertebrae (one above)
9-12 articulate with the one vertebral body
- articulate with the transverse processes of the vertebrae they are numbered for
11-12 have no articulation with the sternum
Sternum
3 bones: manubrium, body, zyphoid process
Articulate with rib 1-7 and the clavicle
Hyoid bone
Does not articulate directly with other bones
Held in place by muscle
