Spinal Osteology

Question 1

Regions of the spine

Answer 1

Vertebrae
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar

Question 2

Cervical typical and atypical

Answer 2

Typical C3,4,5,6

Atypical C1,2,7

Question 3

C7 has no what

Answer 3

Bifid spinous process

Question 4

What makes a typical cervical vertebrae

Answer 4

Small body and larger vertebral foramen
Transverse process short with transverse foramen for protection
Bifid or forked spinous process in C3-C6
C7 vertebra prominens

Question 5

Thoracic typical and atypical

Answer 5

Typical T2,3,4,5,6,7,8

Atypical T1,9,10,11,12

Question 6

Typical thoracic vertebrae characteristics

Answer 6

Larger body than cervical but smaller than lumber
Spinous processes pointed and angled downward
Superior articular facets face posteriorly permitting some rotation bt adjacent vertebrae
Rib attachment

Question 7

How do ribs attach?

Answer 7

Costal facets on vertebral body and at ends of transverse processes for articulation of ribs

Question 8

T9 atypical vertebral body has

Answer 8

2 superior demi facets for attachment of 9th ribs

May or may not have inferior demi facets

Question 9

Atypical thoracic vertebra T1

Answer 9

Superior full facet for head of rib

Inferior demi facet for part of rib

Question 10

Atypical thoracic vertebra T10

Answer 10

Two superior full facets

No inferior facets

Question 11

Atypical thoracic vertebra T11

Answer 11

Two superior full facets

No inferior facets

No transverce facet (floating rib)

Question 12

Atypical thoracic vertebra T12

Answer 12

Two superior full facets
No inferior
No transverse facets (floating rib)

Question 13

Transverse processes have 3 tubercles homologous to lumbar vertebrae

Answer 13

Superior mammillary
Inferior accessory
Lateral transverse

Question 14

Lumbar typical and atypical

Answer 14

Typical: L1,2,3,4
Atypical: L5 (minor difference)

Question 15

Atypical lumbar vertebra L5

Answer 15

Body is not as thick
TPs are short and thick
Short stubby spinous
Superior articular surfaces face more posterior and less medial
Inferior articular processes face more anterior and less lateral
SN: lumbo-sacral facet syndrome-asymmetrical facing facets

Question 16

Curvatures of the spine - normal and abnormal

Answer 16

Normal:

• lordotic - secondary - develops d/t movement
• kyphotic - primary - born with anterior/posterior curve
• can be abnml if exaggerated

Abnormal:
- scoliosis - lateral curvature of the spine

Question 17

The spine is originally a

Answer 17

Concave curvature

Question 18

How are curves put into the spine?

Answer 18

Forces that are applied to them

Question 19

What are the other osseous structures of the axial skeleton

Answer 19

Ribs
Sternum
Hyoid bone

Question 20

Ribs:

Answer 20

RIb 1 articulates with 1 vertebral bobay

2-8 articulate with 2 vertebral bodies
-numbered for the superior vertebrae (one above)

9-12 articulate with the one vertebral body
- articulate with the transverse processes of the vertebrae they are numbered for

11-12 have no articulation with the sternum

Question 21

Sternum

Answer 21

3 bones: manubrium, body, zyphoid process

Articulate with rib 1-7 and the clavicle

Question 22

Hyoid bone

Answer 22

Does not articulate directly with other bones

Held in place by muscle