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Osteology > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

What is osteology?

A

Study of bones, joints, and connective tissue

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2
Q

Median plane

A

Equal left and right sides

Midsagittal - down the middle

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3
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Vertical plane passing through the body off to either one side or the other of middle

Off center

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4
Q

Frontal Plane

A

Divides the body into front and back halves

Coronal plane

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5
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides the body into top and bottom portions

Transverse plane or trans axial plane

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6
Q

Superior

A

Top

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7
Q

Inferior

A

Bottom

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8
Q

Anterior

A

Front

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9
Q

Posterior

A

Back

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10
Q

Deep

A

Further from surface

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11
Q

Superficial

A

Close to surface

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12
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to trunk

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13
Q

Distal

A

Away from trunk

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14
Q

Medial

A

Toward midline of body

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15
Q

Lateral

A

Away from midline of body

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16
Q

Bilateral

A

Same on both sides of body - arms

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17
Q

Unilateral

A

Just on one side of the body (one armed man)

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18
Q

Ipsilateral

A

2 separate structures on the same side of the body (R lung, R liver)

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19
Q

Contralateral

A

2 separate structures on opposite sides of the body (lungs)

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20
Q

Cephalad

A

Toward the head

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21
Q

Caudal

A

Toward the tail

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22
Q

Supine

A

Face up palms down

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23
Q

Prone

A

Face down palms up

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24
Q

Anatomical position

A

Supine (face up)
Palms up
Toes up
Penis towards head

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25
Functions of the skeleton
Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, homeostasis, hematopoiesis
26
Divisions of the skeleton
Axial and appendicular
27
What bones are part of the axial division of the skeleton
Skull - 28 Hyoid - 1 Rib Cage - 25 Vertebral column - 26
28
What bones are part of the appendicular division of the skeleton
Upper limb and pectoral girdle - 64 | Lower limb and pelvic girdle - 62
29
Classification of bones
Long bones - Humerus, femur Short bones - cuboidal shape wrists and ankles Flat bones - cranium Irregular bones - vertebrae, facial bones Sesamoid - in tendons such as patella, allow for more force
30
Bone surface markings are formed by
Attachment of tendons, muscles, or fascia When an artery is adjacent to a bone When a structure passes through a bone
31
Fissure
Narrow slit or cleft Passageway for blood vessels and nerves
32
Sulcus
Groove Passageway for blood vessels and nerves
33
Foramen
Opening or hole Passageway for blood vessels and nerves
34
Fossa
Shallow depression, basin Attachment for muscles or articulations
35
Spinous process/transverse process
Projection Attachment for muscles or articulations
36
Meatus
Blind canal Passageway for blood vessels and nerves
37
Ramus
Smooth, rounded articular process Articulation
38
Facet
Smooth concave articular surface Articulations
39
Condyle
Smooth rounded articular process Articulations
40
Crest
Prominent ridge Attachment for muscles
41
Condyle
Smooth rounded articular process Articulation
42
Epicondyle
Project superior to condyle Attachment for muscles
43
Head
Rounded articular projection, supported by a neck Articulation
44
Line
Long, narrow ridge Attachment for muscles
45
Trochanter
Very large projection (only on femur) Attachment for muscles
46
Tubercle
Small rounded projection Attachment for muscles
47
Tuberosity
Lg roughened projection Attachment for muscles
48
Periosteum
Found in all bones Has 2 layers: - outer - fibrous layer containing nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels - inner - osteogenic layer contains elastic fibers, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and blood vessels responsible for growth and repair
49
Diaphysis
Shaft of the long bone
49
Epiphysis
Ends of the bone
50
Metaphysis
Mature bone between epiphysis and diaphysis Growing bone on the epiphyseal plate where cartilage is replaced by bone
51
Articular cartilage
Cartilage that covers the end of bone where it articulates with another bone to form a jnt
52
Periosteum
Dense white fibrous covering surrounding a bone (2 layers-inner and outer) Attachment site for ligaments and tendons
53
Marrow cavity
The diaphysis in a long bone | Contains bone marrow
54
Endosteum
Inner layer of cells that lines the marrow cavity | Contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts
55
Long bones
Humerus, femur
56
Short bones
Wrists and ankles | Cuboidal shaped
57
Flat bones
Cranium
58
Irregular bones
Vertebrae and facial bones
59
Sesamoid bones
In tendons like the patella - strengthens the jnt
60
Bone surface markings control what
The type or direction of the mmt of a bone

Osteology (3 decks)

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