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Osteology > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

What is osteology?

A

Study of bones, joints, and connective tissue

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2
Q

Median plane

A

Equal left and right sides

Midsagittal - down the middle

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3
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Vertical plane passing through the body off to either one side or the other of middle

Off center

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4
Q

Frontal Plane

A

Divides the body into front and back halves

Coronal plane

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5
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides the body into top and bottom portions

Transverse plane or trans axial plane

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6
Q

Superior

A

Top

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7
Q

Inferior

A

Bottom

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8
Q

Anterior

A

Front

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9
Q

Posterior

A

Back

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10
Q

Deep

A

Further from surface

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11
Q

Superficial

A

Close to surface

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12
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to trunk

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13
Q

Distal

A

Away from trunk

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14
Q

Medial

A

Toward midline of body

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15
Q

Lateral

A

Away from midline of body

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16
Q

Bilateral

A

Same on both sides of body - arms

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17
Q

Unilateral

A

Just on one side of the body (one armed man)

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18
Q

Ipsilateral

A

2 separate structures on the same side of the body (R lung, R liver)

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19
Q

Contralateral

A

2 separate structures on opposite sides of the body (lungs)

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20
Q

Cephalad

A

Toward the head

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21
Q

Caudal

A

Toward the tail

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22
Q

Supine

A

Face up palms down

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23
Q

Prone

A

Face down palms up

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24
Q

Anatomical position

A

Supine (face up)
Palms up
Toes up
Penis towards head

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25
Q

Functions of the skeleton

A

Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, homeostasis, hematopoiesis

26
Q

Divisions of the skeleton

A

Axial and appendicular

27
Q

What bones are part of the axial division of the skeleton

A

Skull - 28
Hyoid - 1
Rib Cage - 25
Vertebral column - 26

28
Q

What bones are part of the appendicular division of the skeleton

A

Upper limb and pectoral girdle - 64

Lower limb and pelvic girdle - 62

29
Q

Classification of bones

A

Long bones - Humerus, femur

Short bones - cuboidal shape wrists and ankles

Flat bones - cranium

Irregular bones - vertebrae, facial bones

Sesamoid - in tendons such as patella, allow for more force

30
Q

Bone surface markings are formed by

A

Attachment of tendons, muscles, or fascia
When an artery is adjacent to a bone
When a structure passes through a bone

31
Q

Fissure

A

Narrow slit or cleft

Passageway for blood vessels and nerves

32
Q

Sulcus

A

Groove

Passageway for blood vessels and nerves

33
Q

Foramen

A

Opening or hole

Passageway for blood vessels and nerves

34
Q

Fossa

A

Shallow depression, basin

Attachment for muscles or articulations

35
Q

Spinous process/transverse process

A

Projection

Attachment for muscles or articulations

36
Q

Meatus

A

Blind canal

Passageway for blood vessels and nerves

37
Q

Ramus

A

Smooth, rounded articular process

Articulation

38
Q

Facet

A

Smooth concave articular surface

Articulations

39
Q

Condyle

A

Smooth rounded articular process

Articulations

40
Q

Crest

A

Prominent ridge

Attachment for muscles

41
Q

Condyle

A

Smooth rounded articular process

Articulation

42
Q

Epicondyle

A

Project superior to condyle

Attachment for muscles

43
Q

Head

A

Rounded articular projection, supported by a neck

Articulation

44
Q

Line

A

Long, narrow ridge

Attachment for muscles

45
Q

Trochanter

A

Very large projection (only on femur)

Attachment for muscles

46
Q

Tubercle

A

Small rounded projection

Attachment for muscles

47
Q

Tuberosity

A

Lg roughened projection

Attachment for muscles

48
Q

Periosteum

A

Found in all bones

Has 2 layers:

  • outer - fibrous layer containing nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels
  • inner - osteogenic layer contains elastic fibers, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and blood vessels responsible for growth and repair
49
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of the long bone

49
Q

Epiphysis

A

Ends of the bone

50
Q

Metaphysis

A

Mature bone between epiphysis and diaphysis

Growing bone on the epiphyseal plate where cartilage is replaced by bone

51
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Cartilage that covers the end of bone where it articulates with another bone to form a jnt

52
Q

Periosteum

A

Dense white fibrous covering surrounding a bone
(2 layers-inner and outer)
Attachment site for ligaments and tendons

53
Q

Marrow cavity

A

The diaphysis in a long bone

Contains bone marrow

54
Q

Endosteum

A

Inner layer of cells that lines the marrow cavity

Contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts

55
Q

Long bones

A

Humerus, femur

56
Q

Short bones

A

Wrists and ankles

Cuboidal shaped

57
Q

Flat bones

A

Cranium

58
Q

Irregular bones

A

Vertebrae and facial bones

59
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

In tendons like the patella - strengthens the jnt

60
Q

Bone surface markings control what

A

The type or direction of the mmt of a bone

Osteology (3 decks)

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