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Gross Anatomy > Spinal Nerves and Back Musculature > Flashcards

Spinal Nerves and Back Musculature Flashcards

W1D2 Powerpoint and Notes

1
Q

Describe GSA Fibers

A

GSA FIber: Somatic Afferent Fibers. This means that the muscles, bones, and ligaments will send signals to the CNS when met with pain, temperature, or touch (sensory)

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2
Q

Describe GVA fibers

A

GVA: Viseral Afferent Fibers. This means that the organs of the body will send signals to the ANS when met with pain, temperature, or touch (Sensory)

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3
Q

Describe GSE Fibers

A

GSE: Somatic Efferent Fibers. This means the CNS sends motor signals to skeletal muscles (motor)

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4
Q

Describe GVE Fibers

A

GVE: Viseral Efferent Fibers. This means the ANS sends motor signals to cardiac, smooth muscle, and gland secretion in order to function (motor)

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5
Q

How many nerves are there in each section of the spine, and where do they exit?
- Cervical
- thoracic
-lumbar
- sacral
-coccyx

A

-Cervical (8): They exit superior to the vertebrae
-Thoracic (12): they exit inferior to their designated vertebrae
-lumbar (5): they exit inferior to their designated vertebrae
- sacral (5): the dorsal nerves exit posteriorly and ventral nerves exit anteriorly through the anterior/posterior foramina
-coccyx (1): inbetween sacrum and coccyx

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6
Q

the length of the spinal cord is (longer or shorter) than the spinal column

A

shorter

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7
Q

explain the increasing inferior angle of nerve exits

A

due to spinal cord growing faster and earlier than the spine

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8
Q

ventral roots are sensory, motor, or mixed?

A

motor

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9
Q

dorsal roots are sensory, motor, or mixed?

A

sensory

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10
Q

ventral rami are sensory, motor, or mixed?

A

mixed

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11
Q

dorsal rami are sensory, motor, or mixed?

A

mixed

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12
Q

swelling on a nerve root is called

A

ganglion

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13
Q

dorsal ramus supplies

A
  • true back muscles (attaches directly to spine to perform spine action, not upper limb)
  • middle 1/3 of skin
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14
Q

ventral ramus supplies

A

-not true back muscles (superfical back group)
- lateral 2/3 of back skin

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15
Q

describe cutaneous nerves

A

branches of dorsal and ventral rami of spinal nerves. controlled by mainly GSAs but are also supplied by some GVE fibers for sweat glands and blood vessels of the skin

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16
Q

what dermatome is most associated with the belly button

A

T10

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17
Q

what dermatome is most associated with the nipple

A

T4

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18
Q

What is the common grouping of the superficial group of the back

A
  • all are supplied by the ventral rami (except trapezius)
  • all work to provide movement to the upper extremity
19
Q

muscles of the superfical back

A

-levator scapulae
- trapezius
- latissimus dorsi
- rhomboid major
-rhomboid minor

20
Q

what is the common action and innervation of serratus posterior superior/inferior

A
  • both accessory respiration muscles
  • both innverated by ventral rami
21
Q

what is the common action and innervation of splenius complex

A

-both will extend the neck/head
-when working seperately they laterally flex/rotate the neck (ipslateral)
-innervated by dorsal rami

22
Q

what is the common action and innervation of erector spinae group

A

-all innervated by dorsal rami
-all maintain erect posture, extend spine/head/neck

23
Q

what is the common orgin and insertion of erector spinae group

A

-all have orgin at the sacrum, iliac crest, and spinous process of lumbar and last 2 thoracic vertebrae
- inserts into ribs, transverse process, and skull

24
Q

what are the muscles of the erector spinae group (from lateral to medial)

A
  • iliocostalis
  • longissimus
    -spinalis
25
Q

what is the common action of all iliocostalis muscle segments

A

extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column (bottom 2 also assist with rib inspiration)

26
Q

what is the common action of all longissimus segments

A

extension, lateral flexion of vetebral column

27
Q

what is the common action and innervation of the deep transversospinalis group

A

-they pull spinous process towards transverse processes
- stabilize spine when acting together
- they slightly rotate the body to opp side
-all are innervated by dorsal rami

28
Q

what are the muscles of the transversospinales group

A

-semispinalis
- multifidus
- rotatores

29
Q

describe the greater occipital nerve. what is its other name, what does it run with, what type of nerve is it

A

cutaneous sensory branch with no somatic motor. it runs with the occipital artery. dorsal ramus of C2

30
Q

whats is the subocciptal nerve a branch of

A

the dorsal ramus of C1

31
Q

what are the four suboccipital muscles

A
  • rectus capitis posterior minor
  • rectus capitis posterior major
    -superior oblique capitis
    -inferior oblique capitis
32
Q

Describe the atlantoaxial joint (types of joint invloved, what type of joint is it, primary movement)

A
  • atlas and axis (gliding joint)
    -atlas and dens (pivot joint)
  • synovial joint
  • primary used in rotation
33
Q

describe the alantooccipital joint. (types of joint invloved, what type of joint is it, primary movement)

A

-uses hinge joint
- is a synovial joint
- primary used in flexion and extension

34
Q

alar ligaments prevents

A

excessive rotation

35
Q

Action Grouping: Extension of the neck – Bilateral action of:

A
  1. Iliocostalis cervicis
  2. Longissimus capitis and cervicis
  3. Semispinalis capitis and cervicis
  4. Spinalis capitis and cervicis
  5. Splenius capitis and cervicis
  6. Trapezius
36
Q

Action Grouping: Lateral flexion/bending of the neck – Unilateral action of

A
  1. Iliocostalis cervicis
  2. Levator scapulae
  3. Longissimus capitis and cervicis
  4. Splenius capitis and cervicis
37
Q

Action Grouping: Rotation of the neck – Unilateral action of:

A
  1. Levator scapulae (ipsilateral)
  2. Longissimus capitis (ipsilateral)
  3. Multifidus (contralateral)
  4. Rotatores (contralateral)
  5. Semispinalis capitis (contralateral) and cervicis (contralateral)
  6. Splenius capitis and cervicis (ipsilateral)
38
Q

Action Grouping: Extension of the trunk vertebrae – Bilateral action of:

A
  1. Erector spinae (longissimus thoracis and spinalis thoracis)
  2. Multifidus
  3. Rotatores
  4. Semispinalis thoracis
39
Q

Action Grouping: Lateral flexion/bending of the trunk – Unilateral action of

A

Iliocostalis thoracis and lumborum
2. Longissimus thoracis
3. Multifidus
4. External and internal oblique (to be covered later)
5. Quadratus lumborum (to be covered later)
6. Spinalis thoracis

40
Q

Action Grouping: Rotation of the trunk – Unilateral action of:

A
  1. Rotatores (contralateral)
  2. Multifidus (contralateral)
  3. External oblique of one side acting with opposite internal oblique (to be
    covered later)
41
Q

Action Grouping: Extension at the atlantooccipital joint

A
  1. Longissimus capitis
  2. Rectus capitis posterior major and minor
  3. Semispinalis capitis
  4. Splenius capitis
  5. Superior oblique capitis
  6. Trapezius
42
Q

Action Grouping: Lateral flexion/bending at the atlantooccipital joint

A
  1. Longissimus capitis
  2. Splenius capitis
  3. Superior oblique capitis
  4. Rectus capitis lateralis (to be covered later)
  5. Sternocleidomastoid (to be covered later)
43
Q

Action Grouping: Ipsilateral rotation (right side muscles rotate head to right side and vice-versa
with left side muscles)

A
  1. Inferior oblique capitis
  2. Longissimus capitis
  3. Rectus capitis posterior major
  4. Splenius capitis
  5. Superior oblique capitis
44
Q

Action Grouping: Contralateral rotation (right side muscles act to turn head to left side)

A
  1. Semispinalis capitis
  2. Sternocleidomastoid (to be covered later)

Gross Anatomy (9 decks)

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