Nervous System Basic and Spinal Cord Flashcards
What segments of the spine have a larger part of the spinal cord? Why is this?
Cervical and Lumbar region because of nerves supplying extremities (plexus)
Where does the spinal cord ends in adults? Children
Adults- L1-L2
Children L4-L5
List the structures of the spinal cord from the most superfical to deep
Epidural space
Dura mater
Subdural space
arachnoid mater
subarchnoid space
Pia mater
What does the epidural space hold
vertebral venous plexus
what does the subarachnoid space hold
cerebral spinal fluid
what type of tissue is the epidural space
fat, loose, connective tissue
where does the dural sac and arachnoid mater end
level of S2
what is the subdural space
a potential space that contains a layer of capillary fluid
what is the purpose of arachnoid mater
covers the nerve roots and spinal ganglia
________ ligaments are extensions of the pia mater that help stablize the cord laterally
denticulate
encases blood vessels in the spinal cord
pia mater
what is the anterior spinal artery formed by
a fusion of branches off of the vertebral arteries of cervical region
how much does the anterior spinal artery supply the spinal cord
anterolateral 2/3
How do segmental medullary arteries work?
they branch off of different arteries in the trunk, neck, or intercostal arteries. They enter the vertebral canal through intervertebral foramina. When they join spinal arteries, they dumb blood into one or more of the main three spinal arteries
where does the great anterior medullary artery supply to
anterior spinal artery which feeds inferior 2/3 of cord
radicular arteries only supply _______, why?
nerve roots, due to them not actually connecting to the anterior/posterior spinal arteries
what is the purpose of the filum terminale
anchors the cord inferiorly toward the coccyx
the PNS contains
12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
All spinal nerves are formed from ____ fibers and ____ fibers
GSE, GVA, GSA
plexus are made of up _________ only
ventral rami
ventral rami can be a _______ or a ______
plexus, intercostal/thoracic nerve
what are the 4 plexuses
Cervical, Brachial, Lumbar, Sacral
C1 nerve is called the
suboccipital nerve
Spinal Nerves T1-L2 contain
motor neuron fibers (preganglionic GVE) of sympathic division via the white rami
Spinal nerves S2-S4 contain»>
motor neuron fibers (preganglionic GVE) of the parasympathetic division
only the ______ segment has white and grey rami that connects it to the sympathetic chain
T1-L2
cutaneous nerves carry _______ and ________ of sympathtic system
somatic sensory and automatic neuron
is the lateral or medial side of the body innervated by more nerves?
lateral
GSEs are located where in the spinal cord
ventral horn
what are myotomes
skeletal muscles or parts of a muscle innervated by a given spinal nerve
the nervous system is seperated into two systems called the ___________ and the ________
central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS)
the PNS is seperated into two systems which are called the
autonomic (visercal) nervous system and the somatic nervous system
the autonomic nervous system is serpated into another two divisions called the
sympathetic and parasympathetic divison
the autonomic system is a ____ neuron pathway
two
the somatic nervous system is a ___ neuron system between CNS and effector
one
the preganglionic neuron cell bodys are located in the ________ of the sympathetic division and exit in the ________ of the parasympathtic division
lateral horns of the thoracic and upper lumbar region, four crainal nerves (3,7,9,10) and sacral level of spinal cord
the __________ promotes homeostasis and quiet and orderly body processes
parasympathetic nervous system
why do sympathetic chains occur
due to the preganglionic neurons that pass from one level of sympathetic chain to another
the dorsal dermatone of ______ is the posterior neck and shoulders
C3-C4
the dorsal dermatone of ______ is the back of spinal due to iliac crest
T2-L3
C2 is the dorsal dermatone
Dorsal Ramus of C2 (greater occipital nerve)
