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heart Flashcards

1
Q

what is the protective covering of the heart that surronds the heart and attches the roots of the great vessels

A

pericardium

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2
Q

what is the outer sac like layer of the pericardium

A

fibrous pericardium

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3
Q

the serous layer that lines the fibrous pericardium

A

parietal serous membrane

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4
Q

a serous layer that adheres directly to the myocardium and covers the root of the eight great vessels

A

visecreal serous pericardium

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5
Q

where is the pericardial cavity and what purpose does it serve

A

it lies between the visceral and parietal layers of the serous pericardium. it secretes a thin layer of fluid that reduces friction as the heart beats

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6
Q

the apex of the heart is located on the level of the ___ intercostal space

A

5th

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7
Q

the diaphragmatic space is formed by mostly what part of the heart?

A

left ventricle

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8
Q

the right and left surfaces of the heart are primarly formed by the _______ and ________

A

right atrium and left ventricle

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9
Q

the atriums are seperated from the ventricles by the

A

coronary sinus

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10
Q

what seperates the two ventricles

A

anterior and posterior interventricular sulci

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11
Q

what type of blood does the right atrium recieve and how does it recieve it

A

recieves blood low in oxygen and high in carbon-dioxide. it recieves it through the superior and inferior vena cavae and coronary sinus

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12
Q

valves at the opening of the opening of the coronary sinus and inferior vena cavae

A

rudimentary valves

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13
Q

what is the function of the auricle

A

increases internal surface area of the right atrium

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14
Q

what seperates the right atrium from the left

A

interatrial septum

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15
Q

what is the purpose of the fossa ovale

A

fetal opening between left and right atria that shunted blood across the heart to avoid the pulmonary circuit

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16
Q

the fossa ovalis is typically larger in the left or right atrium

A

right

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17
Q

blood flows from the right atrium to the __________ through the __________

A

right ventricle, tricupid valve

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18
Q

what are the three cusps of the triscupid valve

A

septal, anterior, and posterior

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19
Q

what type of blood does the right ventricle recieve and where does it recieve it from

A

blood that is low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide from the right atrium (through the triscupid valve)

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20
Q

what is the trabeculum that extends freely from the interventricular septum

A

septomarginal trabecula (moderator band)

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21
Q

what does the moderator band contain

A

branch of the atrioventricular (AV) bundle

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22
Q

what is the valve at the exit of the right atrium called

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

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23
Q

what are the pulmonary valve cusps called

A

right, left, anterior

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24
Q

what is the purpose of valves and how do they work

A

valves prevent a backflow of blood from entering back into the atriums. the blood pushes its way through the valve going from an area of high pressure to low pressure

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25
the left atrium recieves what type of blood and from where
blood high in oxygen and low in carbon dioxide. it recieves it from the pulmonary veins (coming from the lungs)
26
the left ventricle recieves the blood from where and what type of blood
the high oxygen and low in carbon dioxide blood goes through the biscupid valve (of the left atrium) into the left ventricle
27
what are the two cusps of the biscupid valve
anterior and posterior
28
what are the variations of the left ventricle compared to the right ventricle
- lacks a moderator band - wall on the left is significantly thicker in order to push blood to the rest of the systemic circuit
29
where does the blood exit from the left ventricle at (specific)
to the aorta out of the aortic semilunar valve
30
what are the cusps of the aortic semilunar valve
right, left, and posterior
31
the right coronary artery arises from the _______ and desends in the _____
aorta, coronary sulcus
32
the ________ artery travels in the coronary sulcus between the left ventricle and left atrium
circumflex
33
the venous drainage of the myocardium is by the ___________
coronary sulcus
34
what are the major tributaries of the coronary sinus
the great cardiac, middle cardiac, and small cardiac veins
35
the great cardiac vein is accompanied by the
anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries
36
the middle cardiac vein is accompanied by the
posterior interventricular artery
37
the small cardiac vein is accompanied by the
marginal branch of the right coronary artery
38
parasympathetic neuron fibers come from the ________ nerve and it ________ the heart rate
vagus nerve, slows down
39
sympathetic neuron fibers come from the _____________ and it _______the heart rate
upper thoracic region, sppeds up
40
both the heart and mediastinum darin to the __________ and ________ nodes
tracheobronchial and brachiocephalic
41
the right border of the heart extends to the ____ costal cartliage
7th
42
the ____________ node is the "pacemaker"
sinoatrial
43
the atrioventricular fiber splits into conduction myofibers called
purkinje fibers
44
what is the purpose of the fibrous skeleton connective tissue in the heart
to block action poetentials
45
what are the great vessels
superior vena cava inferior vena cava pulmonary arteries (2) pulmonary veins (4) aorta
46
what is the purpose of the thymus gland
T-lymphocytes site and important of the immune system
47
the arterial supply of the thyroid gland is
internal thoracic, anterior intercostal, and inferior thyroid arteries
48
venous drainage from the thymus gland is the
brachiocephalic, internal thoracic, and inferior thyroid veins
49
lympatics of the thymus gland include
paratsernal nodes, brachiocephalic nodes, and tracheobronchial lymph nodes
50
what bypassed the non-function fetal lungs
ligamentum arteriosum
51
what connects the pharynx to the stomach
esophagus
52
the thoracic duct empties into
junction of left subclavian and left internal jugular veins
53
the azygos vein connects
superior and inferior vena cava
54
the _______ drain into the azygos system
posterior intercostal veins
55
the left recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies
nearly all intristic muscles of the left side of larynx
56
what are the branches off of the thoracic aorta
bronchial arterties, esophageal, pericardial, mediastinal, posterior intercostal, subcostal, and superior phrenic arteries
57
the two ________ nerves merge to form the bulk of the esophageal plexus
vagus
58
the anterior and posterior vagal trunk will pass through the ______________
esophageal hiatus
59
the venous system that drains blood from the thoracic wall into the superior vena cava
azygos system
60
the throacic splanchic nerves supply.....
sympathetic innervation for most abdominal viscera
61
great splanchnic nerves arise from
5th-9th thoracic sympathetic chain
62
lesser splanchnic nerves arise
10th-11th thoracic sympathetic chain
63
lowest splanchic nerves arise
12th thoracic sympathetic chain
64
the ventral rami of T2-L1 supply
skin of anterior thorax and abdomen
65
all cutaneous nerves carry _______ input and _______ output
GSA, GVE
66
ventral rami of T2-T12 course along
ribs as intercostal and subcostal nerves
67
ventral ramus of T2 is often called
intercostobrachial nerve
68
nipple level is usally supplied by the......
ventral ramus of T4
69
belly button is supplied by the......
ventral ramus of T10

Gross Anatomy (9 decks)

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