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Gross Anatomy > heart > Flashcards

heart Flashcards

1
Q

what is the protective covering of the heart that surronds the heart and attches the roots of the great vessels

A

pericardium

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2
Q

what is the outer sac like layer of the pericardium

A

fibrous pericardium

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3
Q

the serous layer that lines the fibrous pericardium

A

parietal serous membrane

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4
Q

a serous layer that adheres directly to the myocardium and covers the root of the eight great vessels

A

visecreal serous pericardium

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5
Q

where is the pericardial cavity and what purpose does it serve

A

it lies between the visceral and parietal layers of the serous pericardium. it secretes a thin layer of fluid that reduces friction as the heart beats

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6
Q

the apex of the heart is located on the level of the ___ intercostal space

A

5th

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7
Q

the diaphragmatic space is formed by mostly what part of the heart?

A

left ventricle

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8
Q

the right and left surfaces of the heart are primarly formed by the _______ and ________

A

right atrium and left ventricle

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9
Q

the atriums are seperated from the ventricles by the

A

coronary sinus

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10
Q

what seperates the two ventricles

A

anterior and posterior interventricular sulci

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11
Q

what type of blood does the right atrium recieve and how does it recieve it

A

recieves blood low in oxygen and high in carbon-dioxide. it recieves it through the superior and inferior vena cavae and coronary sinus

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12
Q

valves at the opening of the opening of the coronary sinus and inferior vena cavae

A

rudimentary valves

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13
Q

what is the function of the auricle

A

increases internal surface area of the right atrium

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14
Q

what seperates the right atrium from the left

A

interatrial septum

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15
Q

what is the purpose of the fossa ovale

A

fetal opening between left and right atria that shunted blood across the heart to avoid the pulmonary circuit

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16
Q

the fossa ovalis is typically larger in the left or right atrium

A

right

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17
Q

blood flows from the right atrium to the __________ through the __________

A

right ventricle, tricupid valve

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18
Q

what are the three cusps of the triscupid valve

A

septal, anterior, and posterior

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19
Q

what type of blood does the right ventricle recieve and where does it recieve it from

A

blood that is low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide from the right atrium (through the triscupid valve)

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20
Q

what is the trabeculum that extends freely from the interventricular septum

A

septomarginal trabecula (moderator band)

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21
Q

what does the moderator band contain

A

branch of the atrioventricular (AV) bundle

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22
Q

what is the valve at the exit of the right atrium called

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

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23
Q

what are the pulmonary valve cusps called

A

right, left, anterior

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24
Q

what is the purpose of valves and how do they work

A

valves prevent a backflow of blood from entering back into the atriums. the blood pushes its way through the valve going from an area of high pressure to low pressure

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25
Q

the left atrium recieves what type of blood and from where

A

blood high in oxygen and low in carbon dioxide. it recieves it from the pulmonary veins (coming from the lungs)

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26
Q

the left ventricle recieves the blood from where and what type of blood

A

the high oxygen and low in carbon dioxide blood goes through the biscupid valve (of the left atrium) into the left ventricle

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27
Q

what are the two cusps of the biscupid valve

A

anterior and posterior

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28
Q

what are the variations of the left ventricle compared to the right ventricle

A
  • lacks a moderator band
  • wall on the left is significantly thicker in order to push blood to the rest of the systemic circuit
29
Q

where does the blood exit from the left ventricle at (specific)

A

to the aorta out of the aortic semilunar valve

30
Q

what are the cusps of the aortic semilunar valve

A

right, left, and posterior

31
Q

the right coronary artery arises from the _______ and desends in the _____

A

aorta, coronary sulcus

32
Q

the ________ artery travels in the coronary sulcus between the left ventricle and left atrium

A

circumflex

33
Q

the venous drainage of the myocardium is by the ___________

A

coronary sulcus

34
Q

what are the major tributaries of the coronary sinus

A

the great cardiac, middle cardiac, and small cardiac veins

35
Q

the great cardiac vein is accompanied by the

A

anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries

36
Q

the middle cardiac vein is accompanied by the

A

posterior interventricular artery

37
Q

the small cardiac vein is accompanied by the

A

marginal branch of the right coronary artery

38
Q

parasympathetic neuron fibers come from the ________ nerve and it ________ the heart rate

A

vagus nerve, slows down

39
Q

sympathetic neuron fibers come from the _____________ and it _______the heart rate

A

upper thoracic region, sppeds up

40
Q

both the heart and mediastinum darin to the __________ and ________ nodes

A

tracheobronchial and brachiocephalic

41
Q

the right border of the heart extends to the ____ costal cartliage

42
Q

the ____________ node is the “pacemaker”

A

sinoatrial

43
Q

the atrioventricular fiber splits into conduction myofibers called

A

purkinje fibers

44
Q

what is the purpose of the fibrous skeleton connective tissue in the heart

A

to block action poetentials

45
Q

what are the great vessels

A

superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
pulmonary arteries (2)
pulmonary veins (4)
aorta

46
Q

what is the purpose of the thymus gland

A

T-lymphocytes site and important of the immune system

47
Q

the arterial supply of the thyroid gland is

A

internal thoracic, anterior intercostal, and inferior thyroid arteries

48
Q

venous drainage from the thymus gland is the

A

brachiocephalic, internal thoracic, and inferior thyroid veins

49
Q

lympatics of the thymus gland include

A

paratsernal nodes, brachiocephalic nodes, and tracheobronchial lymph nodes

50
Q

what bypassed the non-function fetal lungs

A

ligamentum arteriosum

51
Q

what connects the pharynx to the stomach

52
Q

the thoracic duct empties into

A

junction of left subclavian and left internal jugular veins

53
Q

the azygos vein connects

A

superior and inferior vena cava

54
Q

the _______ drain into the azygos system

A

posterior intercostal veins

55
Q

the left recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies

A

nearly all intristic muscles of the left side of larynx

56
Q

what are the branches off of the thoracic aorta

A

bronchial arterties, esophageal, pericardial, mediastinal, posterior intercostal, subcostal, and superior phrenic arteries

57
Q

the two ________ nerves merge to form the bulk of the esophageal plexus

58
Q

the anterior and posterior vagal trunk will pass through the ______________

A

esophageal hiatus

59
Q

the venous system that drains blood from the thoracic wall into the superior vena cava

A

azygos system

60
Q

the throacic splanchic nerves supply…..

A

sympathetic innervation for most abdominal viscera

61
Q

great splanchnic nerves arise from

A

5th-9th thoracic sympathetic chain

62
Q

lesser splanchnic nerves arise

A

10th-11th thoracic sympathetic chain

63
Q

lowest splanchic nerves arise

A

12th thoracic sympathetic chain

64
Q

the ventral rami of T2-L1 supply

A

skin of anterior thorax and abdomen

65
Q

all cutaneous nerves carry _______ input and _______ output

66
Q

ventral rami of T2-T12 course along

A

ribs as intercostal and subcostal nerves

67
Q

ventral ramus of T2 is often called

A

intercostobrachial nerve

68
Q

nipple level is usally supplied by the……

A

ventral ramus of T4

69
Q

belly button is supplied by the……

A

ventral ramus of T10

Gross Anatomy (9 decks)

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