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Anatomy Lecture EXAM 3 > Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

Spinal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

How many pairs of cervical spinal nerves are there?

A

8

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2
Q

How many pairs of thoracic spinal nerves are there?

A

12

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3
Q

How many pairs of lumbar spinal nerves are there?

A

5

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4
Q

How many pairs of sacral spinal nerves are there?

A

4 or 5

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5
Q

How many pairs of coccygeal spinal nerves are there?

A

1

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6
Q

Do the cervical spinal nerves exit superior or inferior to the vertebrae they are named for?

A

Superiorly

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7
Q

With exception of the cervical spinal nerves, do spinal nerves exit superiorly or inferiorly to the vertebrae for which they are named?

A

Inferiorly

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8
Q

Are the coccygeal spinal nerves present in all humans?

A

No, they may be absent.

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9
Q

Define what a plexus is…

A

It is a network of nerves.

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10
Q

When nerves exit the spinal nerve rami, do they go directly to the body structure they supply?

A

No, they join up with other axons from anterior rami of adjacent nerves to form plexus.

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11
Q

Intercostal nerves form plexus; true or false?

A

False, when the intercostal nerves (T1-12) exit the anterior rami, they run along the ribs or within the intercostal muscles.

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12
Q

What are the majors nerve of the cervical plexus?

A

The phrenic nerrves.

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12
Q

What do the phrenic nerves innervate?

A

The diaphragm.

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13
Q

What are the major nerves of the brachial plexus?

A

The musculocutaneous, the radial, the axillary, the median, and the ulnar nerves.

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13
Q

How are the brachial plexus divided?

A

From the midline outward: Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches.

To help you remember: Robert Taylor Drinks Coffee Black! ;D

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14
Q

Where does the suprascapular nerve arise from?

A

The superior trunk of the brachial plexus.

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14
Q

Injury to the suprascapular nerves can affect what structures?

A

Supraspinatous muscle and infrasinpatous muscle.

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15
Q

Damage to the suprascapular will affect the infraspinatus muscle if what way?

A

Loss of lateral rotation of humerus - Waiter’s tip.

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16
Q

Damage to the suprascapular nerve will do what to the supraspinatus muscle?

A

Loss of ability to initiate abduction of the arm.

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17
Q

Where does the axillary nerve arise from?

A

Posterior cord of the brachial plexus.

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18
Q

What does the axillary nerve innervate?

A

Deltoid, teres minor, glenohumeral joint.

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19
Q

Injury to the axillary via injury to the surgical nneck of humerus, shoulder dislocation or compression can result in what?

A

Atrophy of the shoulder muscles.

IE your shoulder muscles will be droopy!

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20
Q

From where does the radial nerve originate?

A

Posterior cord; Brachial plexus.

21
Q

What does the radial nerve innervate?

A

Posterior compartment muscles of arm and forearm.

22
Q

What are the symptoms of radial nerve damage?

A

“wrist drop.”

weak or no extension of the wrist.

23
Q

Where does the musulocutaneous nerve arise?

A

Lateral cord of the brachial plexus.

24
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

A

coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis muscle.

25
Q

Though injury is uncommon, what would the symptoms of musculocutaneous nerve damage?

A

Weak flexion of GH joint.

26
Q

Where does the median nerve arise?

A

Medial cord & lateral cord of brachial plexus

27
Q

What does the median nerve innervate?

A

the anterior compartment of the forearm.

28
Q

What happens if the median nerve is damaged?

A

Flexion loss in proximal interphalangeal joints of digits 1-3. Weakened flexion of digits 4-5.

29
Q

What happens to the medial nerve in carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

compression of the median nerve as it passed though the carpal tunnel.

30
Q

What are the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

paresthesia, anesthesia, and hypoesthedia in the digits.

31
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve arise from?

A

medial cord of brachial plexus

32
Q

What does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris, and the ulnar half of flexor digitorum produnfus

33
Q

Where is the ulnar nerve commonly injured?

A

in the elbow (posterior to medial epicondyle) and at the wrist (nedial side, wraps around the hook of the hamate.)

34
Q

Ulnar damage results in what?

A

Metacarpophalangeal joint hyperextension and interphalangeal joints are flexed. results in “claw hand”.

35
Q

Where does the long thoracic nerve originate?

A

C5, C6, C7

36
Q

What does the long thoracic nerve innervate?

A

serratus anterior

37
Q

What does damage to the long thoracic nerve result in?

A

paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle. and the scapula cannot be held in place aka “winged scapula”.

38
Q

True or false: the lumbosacral plexus is actually comprised of 2 seaparate plexus.

A

True.

39
Q

The lumbosacral plexus is comprised of two separate plexuses, what are they?

A

the lumbar plexus and the sacral plexus.

40
Q

The largest branch of the lumbar plexus?

A

The femoral nerve.

41
Q

The femoral nerve has multiple branches. Name the branches.

A

Cutaneous branches and muscular branches.

42
Q

The cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve supply what structures?

A

the skin over the thigh

43
Q

the muscular branches of yhe femoral nerve innervate what muscles?

A

iliacus, pectineus, sartorious, and quadricep femoris.

43
Q

What are the actions of quadricep femoris?

A

Flexes hip and extends knee.

43
Q

When symptoms are present when the femoral nerve is damaged?

A

weak flexion of thigh, weak extension of knee.

44
Q

What activity is difficult when the femoral nerve is damaged?

A

climbing stairs.

44
Q

What are the major nerves of the Sacral plexus?

A

Superior gluteal nerve, Sciatic nerve, and the Pudenal nerve.

45
Q

What does the superior gluteal nerve innervate?

A

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fascia latae.

46
Q

What happens when the superior gluteal nerve is damaged?

A

Pelvic drop on the side of the elevated leg when the patient stands on one leg and elevates the other – also known as Trendelenburg Sign

47
Q

What is the largest nerve of the body?

A

The sciatic nerve

48
Q

The sciaic nerve is comprised of 2 different nerves, what are they?

A

Tibial Nerve and common peroneal nerve.

49
Q

How to you locate the sciatic nerve using surface anatomy land marks…

A

Superiorly, half way between the posterior superior iliac spine and the ischial tuberosity. Inferiorily, halfway between the ischial tuberosity and the greater trochanter.

50
Q

In males, what does the pudendal nerve innervate?

A

the dorsal nerve of the penis, skin and glans of penis

51
Q

in females, what does the pudenal nerve innervate?

A

clitoris, labia major, labia minora, lower vagina.

Anatomy Lecture EXAM 3 (5 decks)

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