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Anatomy Lecture EXAM 3 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

Flashcards testing an overview of the nervous system.

1
Q

Nervous system is composed of two cell types ____________ and ______________.

A

Neugoglial Cells; Neurons

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2
Q

Neuroglial cells (are/are not) involved in generating nerve impulses.

A

Are not

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3
Q

Neuroglial cells are (smaller/greater) than neurons.

A

Smaller.

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4
Q

True or false. Neuroglial cells provide only structural support.

A

False, they also provide functional support.

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5
Q

True or false. Neuroglial cells are a common source of very invasive tumors.

A

True.

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6
Q

What are the glial cells of the CNS?

A

Astrocytes, ogliodendrocytes, ependymal cells, and microglia.

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7
Q

Name 4 functions of asrocytes..

A
  • Maintain chemical environment for nerve impulse.
  • Provide nutrients to neurons.
  • Take up excess nutrients.
  • Help form the blood-brain barrier.
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8
Q

Ogliodendrocytes produce myelin sheath in the PNS.

A

False, they produce myelin sheath in the CNS.

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9
Q

What are the functional properties of microglia?

A

They are phagocytic.

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10
Q

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for producing cerebral spinal fluid?

A

Ependymal Cells

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11
Q

Ependymal cells line ________ of the brain and _____________ of the spinal cord.

A

Ventricles; central canal.

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12
Q

Name the glial cells of the PNS.

A

Schwann cells and satellite cells.

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13
Q

True or false. Satellite cells form myelin sheath in the PNS.

A

False, schwann cells do.

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14
Q

Where are satellite cells found?

A

Around cell bodies of neurons in ganglia in the PNS.

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15
Q

What is the function of satellite cells?

A

Support neurons in PNS ganglia.

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16
Q

The structural and functional unit of the nervous system is the _________.

A

Neuron.

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17
Q

The function of the neuron is to…

A

transmit and process nerve impulses.

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18
Q

True or False. The receptive portion of the neuron is the axon.

A

False, the receptive portion is the dendrite.

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19
Q

The highly branched nature of dendrite is to (increase/decrease) the surface for reception of signals.

A

Increase.

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20
Q

The axon carries impulses __________ from the cell body.

A

Away.

21
Q

The site of action potential is called the ___________ ___________.

A

Action hillock.

22
Q

Motor neurons are (Multipolar/ Pesudounipolar/Bipolar).

A

Multipolar.

23
Q

The cell body of this sensory neuron can be found in spinal ganglion.

A

Pseudounipolar

24
Q

This sensory neuron is found in the olfactory epithelium and retina.

A

Bipolar.

25
Q

The CNS is comprised of the ___________ and ______________________.

A

Brain; Spinal Cord

26
Q

The PNS is divided into the 2 systems. What are they?

A

The somatic nervous system and the automonic nervous system.

27
Q

The function of somatic sensory neurons include…

A

The transmission of tough, pain, temperature, and position of sensory receptors.

28
Q

Somatic motor neurons innervate…

A

skeletal muscle, only.

29
Q

True or false. A nerve consists of a single cell.

A

False, a neuron is a single cells.

30
Q

A cluster of neurons process found OUTSIDE of the CNS is called a ________.

A

Nerve.

31
Q

True or false. Nerves can be found in the spinal cord and also the brain.

A

False. No nerves in the brain and no nerves in the spinal cord.

32
Q

A cluster of neuron processes found INSIDE the CNS is called a _________.

A

Tract

33
Q

A cluster of neuron cell bodies found OUTSIDE of the CNS is a nerve.

A

False, it is called a ganglion.

34
Q

A cluster of neuron cell bodies found INSIDE of the CNS called a ___________.

A

Nucleus.

35
Q

The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system is also called…

A

the sympathetic division

36
Q

True or False. The sympathetic division is anabolic (enery conserving).

A

False. It is Catabolic.

37
Q

The sympathetic division is associated with what kind of response?

A

Fight or flight response.

38
Q

How does the sympathetic division regulate blood vessels?

A

Increased stimulation of the sympathetic division increases vasoconstriction and as a result increases blood pressure in the body.

39
Q

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic division is also known as…

A

The craniosacral division.

40
Q

The parasympathetic system is a(n)(anabolic/catabolic) system.

A

Anabolic or energy conserving.

41
Q

The parasympathetic division of the body functions to do what?

A

It restores the body to resting condition.

42
Q

Information in the autonomic system is carries through a set of 2 neurons called the __________ and _____________ neurons.

A

Presynaptic and Postsynaptic neurons.

43
Q

Presynaptic neurons of the thoracolumbar division are found in the intermediolateral cell columns (IMLs) near the which vertebrae?

A

T1-12 and L1-2 or 3 (depending apon the person).

44
Q

Where do the postsynaptic cell bodies of the sympathetic nervous system occur?

A

In paravertebral gangila and prevertebral ganglia.

45
Q

Where are the paravertebral ganglia located?

A

They are linked to form left and right sympathetic trucks on each side of the vertebral columns.

46
Q

Where are the prevertabral ganglia located?

A

In plexus that surround the origins of the main branches of the abdominal aorta.

47
Q

Where are the presynaptic cell bodies of the parasympathetic division located?

A

In the grey matter of the brainstem and grey matter of S2-S4 of the spinal cord.

48
Q

Where are the cell bodies of postsynaptic neurons of the parasympathetic or craniosacral division located?

A

In the head and on the target organ, elsewhere in the body.

Anatomy Lecture EXAM 3 (5 decks)

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