Nervous System Flashcards
Flashcards testing an overview of the nervous system.
Nervous system is composed of two cell types ____________ and ______________.
Neugoglial Cells; Neurons
Neuroglial cells (are/are not) involved in generating nerve impulses.
Are not
Neuroglial cells are (smaller/greater) than neurons.
Smaller.
True or false. Neuroglial cells provide only structural support.
False, they also provide functional support.
True or false. Neuroglial cells are a common source of very invasive tumors.
True.
What are the glial cells of the CNS?
Astrocytes, ogliodendrocytes, ependymal cells, and microglia.
Name 4 functions of asrocytes..
- Maintain chemical environment for nerve impulse.
- Provide nutrients to neurons.
- Take up excess nutrients.
- Help form the blood-brain barrier.
Ogliodendrocytes produce myelin sheath in the PNS.
False, they produce myelin sheath in the CNS.
What are the functional properties of microglia?
They are phagocytic.
Which neuroglial cell is responsible for producing cerebral spinal fluid?
Ependymal Cells
Ependymal cells line ________ of the brain and _____________ of the spinal cord.
Ventricles; central canal.
Name the glial cells of the PNS.
Schwann cells and satellite cells.
True or false. Satellite cells form myelin sheath in the PNS.
False, schwann cells do.
Where are satellite cells found?
Around cell bodies of neurons in ganglia in the PNS.
What is the function of satellite cells?
Support neurons in PNS ganglia.
The structural and functional unit of the nervous system is the _________.
Neuron.
The function of the neuron is to…
transmit and process nerve impulses.
True or False. The receptive portion of the neuron is the axon.
False, the receptive portion is the dendrite.
The highly branched nature of dendrite is to (increase/decrease) the surface for reception of signals.
Increase.
The axon carries impulses __________ from the cell body.
Away.
The site of action potential is called the ___________ ___________.
Action hillock.
Motor neurons are (Multipolar/ Pesudounipolar/Bipolar).
Multipolar.
The cell body of this sensory neuron can be found in spinal ganglion.
Pseudounipolar
This sensory neuron is found in the olfactory epithelium and retina.
Bipolar.
The CNS is comprised of the ___________ and ______________________.
Brain; Spinal Cord
The PNS is divided into the 2 systems. What are they?
The somatic nervous system and the automonic nervous system.
The function of somatic sensory neurons include…
The transmission of tough, pain, temperature, and position of sensory receptors.
Somatic motor neurons innervate…
skeletal muscle, only.
True or false. A nerve consists of a single cell.
False, a neuron is a single cells.
A cluster of neurons process found OUTSIDE of the CNS is called a ________.
Nerve.
True or false. Nerves can be found in the spinal cord and also the brain.
False. No nerves in the brain and no nerves in the spinal cord.
A cluster of neuron processes found INSIDE the CNS is called a _________.
Tract
A cluster of neuron cell bodies found OUTSIDE of the CNS is a nerve.
False, it is called a ganglion.
A cluster of neuron cell bodies found INSIDE of the CNS called a ___________.
Nucleus.
The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system is also called…
the sympathetic division
True or False. The sympathetic division is anabolic (enery conserving).
False. It is Catabolic.
The sympathetic division is associated with what kind of response?
Fight or flight response.
How does the sympathetic division regulate blood vessels?
Increased stimulation of the sympathetic division increases vasoconstriction and as a result increases blood pressure in the body.
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic division is also known as…
The craniosacral division.
The parasympathetic system is a(n)(anabolic/catabolic) system.
Anabolic or energy conserving.
The parasympathetic division of the body functions to do what?
It restores the body to resting condition.
Information in the autonomic system is carries through a set of 2 neurons called the __________ and _____________ neurons.
Presynaptic and Postsynaptic neurons.
Presynaptic neurons of the thoracolumbar division are found in the intermediolateral cell columns (IMLs) near the which vertebrae?
T1-12 and L1-2 or 3 (depending apon the person).
Where do the postsynaptic cell bodies of the sympathetic nervous system occur?
In paravertebral gangila and prevertebral ganglia.
Where are the paravertebral ganglia located?
They are linked to form left and right sympathetic trucks on each side of the vertebral columns.
Where are the prevertabral ganglia located?
In plexus that surround the origins of the main branches of the abdominal aorta.
Where are the presynaptic cell bodies of the parasympathetic division located?
In the grey matter of the brainstem and grey matter of S2-S4 of the spinal cord.
Where are the cell bodies of postsynaptic neurons of the parasympathetic or craniosacral division located?
In the head and on the target organ, elsewhere in the body.
