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Anatomy 701 > Spinal Nerve and Back Musculature > Flashcards

Spinal Nerve and Back Musculature Flashcards

1
Q

Dorsal root ganglia is a __________

A

cell body of sensory root neurons

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2
Q

Dorsal roots are _________

A

central and peripheral processes of sensory neuron axons

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3
Q

Ventral roots are _____________

A

rootlets from motor neuron axons, exit ventrally

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4
Q

Spinal nerves are divided into what two types of rami

A

dorsal and ventral

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5
Q

All spinal nerves contain 4 functional components except for ______

A

C1

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6
Q

C1 contains only what kind of functions?

A

somatic motor (conscious and voluntary)

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7
Q

Preganglionic axons have

A

a myelin sheath

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8
Q

Myelin sheath causes ____ conduction

A

faster

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9
Q

Postganglionic axons have

A

no myelin sheath, non myelinated

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10
Q

Without myelin the conduction is

A

slower

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11
Q

Grey ramus is myelinated or nonmyelinated?

A

non myelinated

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12
Q

white ramus is myelinated or non myelainated

A

myelinated

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13
Q

Neurons form _____

A

Synapses

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14
Q

Denticulate ligament is formed by what structure?

A

Pia mater

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15
Q

Preganglionic sympathetic axons exit the

A

ventral root

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16
Q

From the ventral root, the preganglionic sympathetic axons course into the ______

A

paravertebral sympathetic ganglion

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17
Q

The four pathways of preganglionic axons

A
  1. synapse in the ganglion with 2nd neuron
  2. ascent to form sympathetic trunk
  3. descend to form sympathetic trunk
  4. splanchnic nerve
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18
Q

splanchnic nerves are visceral. True or False?

A

True. they are found mainly in the abdomen and pelvis.

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19
Q

Sympathetic splanchnic nerve synapses in the ________

A

prevertebral/preaortic ganglia

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20
Q

Thoracic splanchnic nerves innervate the _________ organs

A

abdomen

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21
Q

Greater splanchnic nerve roots from:

A

T5~T9

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22
Q

Lesser splanchnic nerve roots from:

A

T10~T11

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23
Q

Least Splanchnic Nerve roots from:

A

T12

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24
Q

Lumbar Splanchnic nerve and the Sacral Splanchnic nerve root:

A

L1~L2

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25
Q

What is the only parasympathetic splanchnic nerve?

A

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve

26
Q

Where does the pelvic splanchnic nerve root?

A

S2~S4

then exits through vertebral column for larger organs

27
Q

Sympathetic means:

A

Freeze, Flight, Flight

28
Q

Which type of visceral motor functions are only one to the somatic wall?

A

Sympathetic

29
Q

Sympathetic nervous system controls:

A

Sweat gland, arrector pili, blood vessels

30
Q

Parasympathetic is only in the _____ organs?

31
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system is for:

A

Resting and digesting

32
Q

What is an example of a parasympathetic motor function?

33
Q

Why does the white ramus communicans display the white color?

A

White because of more myelinated axon, have the myelin shield.

34
Q

If the myelin shield is damaged it can cause:

A

Multiple Sclerosis (MS), or Guillian-Barre (GB)

35
Q

Dorsal ramus has two branches. they are:

A

Medial branch and the lateral branch.

36
Q

Medial branch of dorsal ramus includes the

A

Vertebral discs, facet joints, back muscles and skin

37
Q

Lateral branch of dorsal ramus include the:

A

Muscles and skin

38
Q

Ventral ramus branches are:

A

lateral cutaneous branch, muscular/collateral branch, and the anterior cutaneous branch

39
Q

canal for the spinal cord ranges from?

A

Foramen magnum to sacral hiatus

40
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

41
Q

Why do the spinal nerves not match the vertebral column regions?

A

Growth/extension of spinal cord is slower than the vertebral column and ends at T12~L2 vertebral column region. Cervical region of spinal cord is still at the same level of the vertebral column, but the thoracic region of spinal cord generally ends at T10 vertebral level. lumbar region of spinal cord is generally located between T10~T12 vertebral level. sacral region of spinal cord is generally locates between T12~L2. T11/T12 spinal nerve and all lumbar/sacral spinal nerves exit in their normal vertebral region in the bundle of cauda equina.

42
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

43
Q

How many cervical spinal nerves are there?

44
Q

For nerve impinged, which two spinal regions are different?

A

Cervical - disc number plus 1
*** c1 doesn’t have a body, above atlas so
add 1
Lumbar - disc number plus 1

45
Q

Different structures share the same name. True or false.

46
Q

Cervical discs have ______ flexibility

A

too much, thick discs

47
Q

Lumbar region has the thickest discs. True or False?

A

True.

common for this region to have too much stress and a weaker posterior longitudinal ligament

48
Q

Greater splanchnic nerve contains preganglionic axons from which spinal level?

49
Q

Spinal cord gets its arterial supply from __ anterior and __ posterior spinal arteries.

50
Q

Venous drainage of the spinal cord is through the

A

epidural venous plexus and multiple veins which follow the arteries

51
Q

There are always more arteries than veins. True or False?

A

False. There are always more veins than arteries

52
Q

The extrensic muscles of the back get their blood supply from

A

branches of various resources. Muscles/skin are from segmental branches from aorta, posterior intercostal arteries, and lumbar branches

53
Q

Which spinal nerve does not distribute segmentally?

A

C2, through greater occipital nerve, pierces semispinalis and provides posterior cranial and upper neck innervation

54
Q

Extrinsic back muscles are for:

A

Upper extremity and respiration

55
Q

Superficial intrinsic back muscles from from

A

Proximal to disal attachment

56
Q

The erector spinae in the back runs from

A

inferomedial to superolateral

57
Q

Intrensic muscles in the neck are

A

spleinius cervicis and capitis

58
Q

Deep intrinsic back muscle(s) are/is

A

transversospinalis

59
Q

Transversospinalis runs from

A

Inferolateral to superomedial

60
Q

Which back muscles are the most superficial

A

Trapezius and latissimus dorsi

61
Q

Trapezius is from the

A

external occipital protuberance, ligament nuchae and spinous process C7-T12

Anatomy 701 (4 decks)

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