Spinal muscles O.I.A.N.

Question 1

Upper Trapezius (functioning as a C/S mover)

Answer 1

O:External occipital protruberance, medial portion of superior nuchal line of the occiput, ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7-T12
I:Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula
N:cranial nerve 11 and ventral ramus
A: Extend , Rotate, Laterally flex -head and neck

Question 2

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 2

O: Sternal head: Top of manubrium
Clavicular head: medial 1/3 of the clavicle
I:Mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral portion of superior nuchal line of the occiput
N: C1, Cranial 11
A: Unilaterally: Laterally flex head and neck to the same side, Rotate the head and neck to the opposite side
Bilaterally: Flex the neck

Question 3

Anterior scalenus muscles

Answer 3

I:1st rib
N: C 4-8
A:Uni:with ribs fixed, laterally flex the head and neck to the same side, Rotate head and neck to the opposite side
Bi: Elevate ribs during inhalation, flex head and neck

Question 4

middle and posterior scalenus

Answer 4

O:Transverse processes of 2-7 cervical vertebrae (posterior tubercles)
I: Middle- 1st rib, posterior- 2nd rib
N:4-8
A:Uni:ribs fixed, laterally flex the head and neck to the same side, Rotate head and neck to the opposite side
Bi:Elevate ribs during inhalation

Question 5

Splenius capitis

Answer 5

O:Inferior ½ of ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7-T4

I:Mastoid process and lateral portion of superior nuchal line

N:Cervical

A:Uni:Rotate the head and neck to the same side , Laterally flex the head and neck to the same side
Bi: Extend the head and neck

Question 6

Splenius cervicis

Answer 6

O:Spinous processes of T-3 to T-6
 I:Transverse processes of C1 to C3
 N:Cervical
 A:Uni:Rotate the head and neck to the same side , Laterally flex the head and neck to the same side
Bi: Extend the head and neck

Question 7

Erector spinae group

Answer 7

O:Common tendon (thoracolumbar aponeurosis) that attaches to the posterior surface of sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes of the lumbar and last 2 thoracic vertibrae
I:Various attachment at the posterior at the posterior ribs, spinous and transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertibae and mastoid process of temporal bone
N:Spinal
A: Uni: Laterally flex vertebral column to the same side
Bi: Extend vertebral column

Question 8

Rectus abdominis

Answer 8

O:Pubic crest, pubic symphysis
I:cartilage of 5, 6 and 7 ribs and xiphoid process
N:T7-11, T12, ventral rami
A:Flex vertebral column, tilt pelvis posteriorly

Question 9

Internal abdominal oblique

Answer 9

O:Lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia
I:Internal surface of lower 3 ribs, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
N:Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal, ventral rami
A:Uni: Laterally flex and rotate vertebral column to the same side
bi: Flex vertebral column, compress abdominal content

Question 10

External abdominal oblique

Answer 10

O:external surfaces of 5-12 ribs
I:Anterior part of iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
N:T7-11, T12
A:Uni: Laterally flex vertebral column to the same side, Rotate vertebral column to the opposite side
Bi: Flex vertebral column, compress abdominal contents

Question 11

Transverse abdominus

Answer 11

O:Lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia and internal surface of the lower ribs
I:Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
N: iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal, ventral division
A:Compress abdominal contents

Question 12

What major cervical muscles are associated with cranial nerve 11, and produced contralateral rotation

Answer 12

• sternocleidomastoid and upper trap.

- they are integrated to vision + hearing