Spinal Muscles

Question 1

what are the spinal movements
(3)

Answer 1

flexion, extension and rotation

Question 2

what are the 3 groups of the erector spinae

Answer 2

iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

Question 3

what are the 4 regions of the erector spinae

Answer 3

capitis, cervicis, thoracis, lumborum

Question 4

what regions are in the iliocostalis muscle group

Answer 4

cervicis, thoracis, lumborum (bottom 3)

Question 5

what regions are in the longissimus muscle group

Answer 5

capitis, cervicis, thoracis (top 3)

Question 6

what regions are in the spinalis muscle group

Answer 6

capitis, cervicis, thoracis (top 3)

Question 7

what are the 2 neck muscles

Answer 7

sternocleidomastoid and the scalenes (anterior, middle and posterior)

Question 8

what connects to each end of the posterior scalenes

(ribs and vertebrae)

Answer 8

transverse processes of c5-c7
————–>
second rib

Question 9

what connects to each end of the middle scalenes

(ribs and vertebrae)

Answer 9

transverse processes of c3-c7
—————->
first rib

Question 10

what connects to each end of the anterior scalenes

(ribs and vertebrae)

Answer 10

transverse processes of c3-c6
—————>
first rib

Question 11

ORIGIN of the external abdominal oblique

Answer 11

the anterior angles of the lower 8 ribs

Question 12

INSERTION of the external abdominal oblique

Answer 12

outer anterior half of iliac crest, inguinal ligament, pubic tubercle and crest, aponeurosis anterior rectus sheath

Question 13

ACTION of the external abdominal oblique

Answer 13

supports abdominal wall, assists forced expiration, aids raising intra-abdominal pressure and with muscles of opposite side, abducts and rotates trunk

Question 14

INNVERVATION of the external abdominal oblique

Answer 14

anterior primary rami (t7-t12)

Question 15

ORIGIN of the internal abdominal oblique

Answer 15

thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, superior iliac spine, half of inguinal ligament

Question 16

INNERVATION of the internal abdominal oblique

Answer 16

intercostal nerve

Question 16

ACTION of the internal abdominal oblique

Answer 16

lateral flexion and same-side rotation, bilateral flexion, abdominal bracing

Question 17

where does the linea alba start and stop

Answer 17

xiphoid process
——–>
pubic symphysis
(anterior)

Question 18

ORIGIN of the transverse abdominis

Answer 18

costal margin, lumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, lateral half of inguinal ligament

Question 18

where is the umbilical ring located

Answer 18

near the belly button region, just deep of the linea alba

Question 19

INSERTION of the transverse abdominis

Answer 19

aponeurosis of posterior and anterior rectus sheath, conjoint tendon to pubic crest

Question 20

ACTION of the transverse abdominis

Answer 20

supports abdominal wall, aids forced expiration, raising intra-abdominal pressure, conjoint tendon supports posterior wall of inguinal canal

primary stabilizer of the trunk

Question 21

INNERVATION of the transverse abdominis

Answer 21

anterior primary rami (t7-t12), conjoint tendon ilioinguinal nerve (l1)

Question 22

ORIGIN of the quadratus lumborum

Answer 22

iliac crest

Question 23

INSERTION of the quadratus lumborum

Answer 23

twelfth rib, costal process of l1-l4 vertebrae

Question 24

ACTION of the quadratus lumborum

Answer 24

lateral bend same side, hip hikers

Question 25

INNERVATION of the quadratus lumborum

Answer 25

subcostal nerve

Question 26

what are the symptoms of sciatica

Answer 26

pain, weakness, numbness or tingling in lower posterior extremities

Question 27

what is sciatica classified as anatomically

Answer 27

damaged sciatic nerve and weakened knees, lumbar sternosis

Question 28

how do you get a lumbar strain

Answer 28

pulling a muscle, resulting in a spasm

Question 29

what is a lumbar strain anatomically

Answer 29

a iliolumbar ligament strain

Question 30

what is a sports hernia anatomically

Answer 30

a strain or tear of any soft tissue (muscle, tendon, ligament) in the lower abdomen area

Question 31

how do you get a sports hernia

Answer 31

sudden changes of direction or intense twisting movements

Question 32

symptoms of an abdominal strain

Answer 32

pain during activites such as sprinting, striking a ball, coughing, stiffness after sitting

Question 33

ORIGIN of the iliocostalis cervicis

Answer 33

angles of ribs 3-6

Question 34

INSERTION of the iliocostalis cervicis

Answer 34

transverse processes of c4-c6

Question 35

ACTION of the iliocostalis cervicis

Answer 35

bilateral action: extends and hyperextends cervical vertebrae, bends neck up and down unilateral actions: laterally flexes cervical vertebrae, tilting head side to side

Question 36

INNERVATION of the iliocostalis cervicis

Answer 36

dorsal rami of spinal nerves (c6-c8)

Question 37

what are the three parts of the trapezius

Answer 37

superior/descending, inferior/ascending, middle/transverse

Question 38

ORIGIN of the trapezius

Answer 38

from c5-t10 spinous processes

Question 39

INSERTION of the trapezius

Answer 39

lateral 1/3 of clavicle

Question 40

ACTION of the descending trapezius

Answer 40

ST joint: elevates scapula ATO(occipital) joint: extends neck, laterally flexes neck ATA(axial) joint: ensbles head rotation

Question 41

ACTION of the transverse trapezius

Answer 41

draws scapula medially, scapular retraction

Question 42

ACTION of the ascending trapezius

Answer 42

scapular depression

Question 43

ORIGIN of the latissimus dorsi

Answer 43

psinous processes of t7-l5, iliac crest of sacrum, thoracolumbar fascia, inferior angle or scapula, last few ribs

Question 44

INSERTION of the latissimus dorsi

Answer 44

floor of the intertubercular (bicipital) groove of humerusA

Question 45

ACTION of the latissimus dorsi

Answer 45

at GH joint: arm adduction, medially rotating, arm extension

Question 46

INNERVATION of the latissimus dorsi

Answer 46

thoracodorsal nerve (c6, 7 and 8)