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Spinal Anatomy > Spinal Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Spinal Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions/purpose of the ribs?

A

Protection of lungs, heart, pericardium
Muscle attachment
Force transferal / attenuation
Stability to the thoracic as a result of it’s circular ring it forms

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2
Q

What are the main functions of the ribs?

A

Protection and movement

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3
Q

What occurs to the ribs as we age?

A

elasticity decreases with age therefore ribs become more rigid and fragile

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4
Q

How many pairs of ribs are there?

A

12

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5
Q

What is the ribs function with regard to breathing?

A

Help guide breathing and resist the elastic recoil of the lungs

During inspiration the ribs spin and rotate because the costocartilages can spin and twist allowing full movement

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6
Q

How many superior “true” ribs are there?

A

7

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7
Q

What connects the superior 7 ribs to the sternum?

A

Costal cartilages

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8
Q

Which ribs have costal cartilages that join?

Which ones don’t attach to the cartilage?

A

8-10 rib cartilages join

11 & 12 have free ends not attaching to the cartilage (floating ribs)

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9
Q

What is the implications of ribs 8-10 merging with the costal cartilage above?

A

dislocate easier

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10
Q

What is the purpose of the intercostal muscles?

A

Add a layer of protection

Protect and guide ribs through their movement

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11
Q

What can rib one cause narrowing of?

A

Rib one influences the thoracic outlet space – when it moves it changes the angle and can lead to narrowing of this area

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12
Q

What is the intercostal spaces between ribs filled with?

A

intercostal spaces between ribs filled with intercostals muscles, nerves, veins and arteries

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13
Q

What plane are the superior ribs on?

A

superior ribs are on a more horizontal plane, less oblique than inferior ribs

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14
Q

Which rib is most oblique?

A

9th

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15
Q

Which ribs increase in length and at which rib do they start decreasing in length again?

A

ribs 1-7 increase in length and then decrease down to 12

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16
Q

Describe the movement of ribs 1-5

A

ribs 1-5 mov’t is more pump-handle like….axis of movement is posterior, anterior ends move up and down

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17
Q

Describe the movement of ribs 6-10

A

ribs 6-10 movement is bucket-handle like….axis of movement is medial, lateral sides move up and down

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18
Q

Describe the shaft of a typical rib

A 
thin and flat
external convexity
grooved internally near it’s lower border—costal groove for intercostal nerve
lower border is sharp
upper border is rounded
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19
Q

A typical rib articulates with how many vertebral bodies

A

2

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20
Q

What angle does the rib come out from the vertebral body at?

A

Posterior and lateral angle

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21
Q

What is the purpose of the costal groove. What is an implication with regard to fracture?

A

The costal groove is where the nerve typically sits for protection
Implication: can be displaced during fracture which could affect the nerve, artery and vein

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22
Q

Describe the anterior end of a typical rib?

A 
costal end
small concave depression for it’s cartilage’s lateral end
forms costochondral joint
can dislocate
(Like an ice cream cone)
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23
Q

How many ribs attach to the sternum?

A

7

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24
Q

Costal =

Chondra =

A 
Rib = Costal
Cartilage = Chondra
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25
Q

What are the 4 articulations of the rib?

A

Sternochondral
Costochondral
Costotransverse
Costovertebral

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26
Q

describe the posterior end of a typical rib

A

vertebral end
has a neck, head, tubercle
the head has 2 facets which are separated by a transverse crest

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27
Q

In a typical rib what does the larger and smaller facets articulate with?

A

Lower, larger facet articulates with body of the corresponding vertebrae

the superior and smaller facet articulates with the body of the superior vertebrae

Forms costovertebral jt

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28
Q

Describe the neck of a typical rib

A

the neck is the flat part beyond the head
is oblique and faces superior and anterior
posterior inferior surface is rough and pierced by a foramina

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29
Q

Describe the tubercle of a typical rib

A

tubercle is posterior, external at junction of the neck and shaft
separated into medial articular facet and lateral non-articular facet
anterior to the TP of it’s corresponding vertebrae
forms the costotransverse joint

30
Q

EXAM Q: T/F you can have an isolated costal problem without it affecting the vertebral segment but you can’t have an isolated vertebral problem without it affecting the rib

A

True

31
Q

EXAM Q: deep inspiration and expiration keeps ribs 1 and 2 moving therefore decreases chances of ___________ occurring

A

thoracic outlet syndrome

32
Q

Describe the costal cartilage

A

flat bars of hyaline cartilage
extend from the anterior ends of the ribs
allows for the elasticity and mobility of the thoracic cage

33
Q

What do the upper 7 costal cartilage articulate with

A

The sternum

34
Q

What do the 8-10th costal cartilages articulate with?

A

The lower border of the one above

35
Q

What is unique about the two lowest costal cartilages with regard to what they articulate with?

A

the lowest two have free ends that end in the abdominal wall

36
Q

What happens to the length of the costal cartilages as you move inferiorly

A

Increase in length from 1-7

Then decrease in length down to the 12th

37
Q

What happens to the chondral bars as we age

A

Decreased elasticity affecting overall mobility of the ribs

38
Q

How can we prevent inelasticity in the ribs?

A

Keep the patient moving and breathing

39
Q

What is the most curved and shortest rib?

A

Rib 1

40
Q

Describe the shape of Rib 1

A

Broad and flat

41
Q

What plane is rib 1 on?

A

Horizontal

42
Q

Why is Rib 1 flat on top?

A

No costal muscles on top pulling it up

43
Q

The head of the first rib only articulates with __

A

T1

44
Q

Which rib is by far the smallest rib?

A

Rib 1

45
Q

What is the only rib that can move superior?

A

Rib 1

46
Q

Which rib articulates with the clavicle?

A

Rib 1

47
Q

What muscles elevate the 1st rib during forced inspiration?

A

Anterior and middle scalenes

48
Q

What muscle attaches on the inferior portion of rib 1?

A

Serratus anterior

49
Q

How many grooves are found on the superior surface of rib 1

A

2

50
Q

What are the two grooves on the superior surface of rib 1 separated by?

A

scalene tubercle

51
Q

What is the anterior groove on rib 1 for?

A

Subclavian vein

52
Q

What is the posterior groove on rib 1 for?

A

subclavian artery

53
Q

At what point is rib 1 the highest? Which way does it slope?

A

Highest at the vertebral end and sloped obliquely downward

54
Q

An upper chest breather will cause hypertrophy of what muscle? What will this lead to?

A

Hypertrophy of the scalenes, causing narrowing of the thoracic outlet

55
Q

Describe the head of Rib 1

A

the head is small, round, and bears an almost circular facet which articulates with T1 vertebral body

56
Q

Describe the neck of rib 1

A

the neck is rounded and ascends posterolaterally

57
Q

Describe the tubercle of rib 1

A

the tubercle is wide and prominent and is directed up and backwards

58
Q

What does the facet of rib 1 articulate with?

A

the oval facet articulates with the first thoracic transverse process

59
Q

T/F the lungs will come up and poke higher then the first rib?

A

True

60
Q

How long is rib 2 in comparison to rib 1?

A

2x the length

61
Q

What tubercle is found on rib 2? What does this provide attachment for?

A

has a tubercle for the origin of serratus anterior and the insertion of the posterior scalene muscle (posterior to S.A. origin)

62
Q

When taking deep breaths you should feel movement of the ___ and ____ – if disfunction of rib two there will be alterations to this movement

A

sternal angle and manubrium

63
Q

Where is the facet of Rib 10 found?

What does it articulate with?

A

has a single facet on it’s head which may articulate with the IVD of T10 and it’s upper body

64
Q

T/F Rib 9 and 10 only articulate with one vertebral body (T9 and T10 respectively)

A

True

65
Q

How many facets does ribs 11 and 12 have?

A

each have a single large articular facet on it’s head

66
Q

Describe the neck and tubercles of ribs 11 and 12

A

They have no neck or tubercles

67
Q

T/F the pointed ends of ribs 11 and 12 have a a lot of cartilage at the tip

A

False , a tiny bit of cartilage at the tip

68
Q

Does ribs 11 and 12 articulate with the anterior aspect of the TP? Implications of this?

A

Don’t articulate with anterior aspect of TP – only articulate with vertebral body of 11 and 12 respectively – this will allow more rotation in the lower T-spine

69
Q

What dictates rotation of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

The facet joint

70
Q

Where does most rotation occur? C, T, L or S? Implications?

A

Almost all rotation will occur in the lower T-spine – very significant because when we walk you should be getting rotation, sports etc as well so if 9-12 are not rotating properly the consequence is rotation somewhere else where your not supposed to (lumbar spine, SI joint, Hips etc.) this will lead to injury or decreased performance

71
Q

How rare is a cervical rib?

What are the consequences of having one?

A

Only seen in 1 in 500 individuals
Even rarer to see it bilateral

What do you think the consequences of having a cervical rib are?
Decreased ROM because the rib will restrict c7 and hightened posibilty of thoracic outlet

Spinal Anatomy (15 decks)

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