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Spinal Anatomy > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Origin:

  • Medial Crest of sacrum (Via broad tendon)
  • Lateral Crests of Sacrum
  • Dorsal SI and Sacrotuberous Ligament
  • Posterior part of Medial Lip of Iliac Crest
  • T11-L5 SP’s
  • Supraspinous Ligament

Insertion:

  • Inferior border of angles of lower 6 or 7 ribs

FD:

Mostly vertical but somewhat lateral

Action:

  • Extension of the vertebral column
  • Side bending
  • Rotation

R:

  • Sacrum stuck in a flexed position will affect Iliocostalis lumborum
  • Pulls on Sacrotuberous ligament which then pulls on biceps femoris
A

Iliocostalis Lumborum

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2
Q

Longissimus Thoracis

A

Origin:

  • Iliocostalis Lumborum
  • TP’s T11-L5
  • TLF

Insertion: (2 tendons)

  • Thoracic TPs T12-T2
  • Lower 9 or 10 Ribs (between tubercles and angles)

Action:

  • Extension and SB
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2
Q

Semispinalis Capitis

A

Origin:

  • Upper 6 or 7 Thoracic TP’s
  • C7 TP
  • Cervical Articular Processes C4-6

Insertion:

  • Between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone

R:

Much larger in comparison to semispinalis cervicis If a muscle attaches into the processes it helps with joint position sense 2-3x larger than SCM is CSA (Cross sectional area)

Nerve: Greater occipital artery + nerve

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2
Q

Origin:

  • C7-T11 TP

Insertion:

  • Rib below respective TP

Action:

  • rotation of vertebrae
  • lateral flexion of vertebrae
  • elevates the ribs (aids in respiration)
  • Stabilizes the rib

FD:

Inferior and lateral

Nerve:

Innervation is from lateral branches of the dorsal rami of the corresponding thoracic spinal nerves

D:

  • 12 pairs -on internal aspect of thoracic cage
  • The lower 4 muscle pairs may have an additional attachment to the second rib below their origin
A

Levator Costarum

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3
Q

Rectus Abdominus

A

Origin:

  • Symphysis Pubis
  • Pubic Crest

Insertion:

  • Anterior Surface of Xiphoid Process
  • Anterior Surface of Costal Cartilages 5-7

Action:

  • flexes pelvis and vertebral column
  • compresses abdomen
  • supports viscera

Nerve:

ventral rami of T7-11

Role:

The role of the transverse lines between the abs is to prevent compression of the abdominal organs during flexion

divided by 3 horizontal lines of connective tissue which divide RA and tighten it down to increase mechanical advantage

One large strap muscle would lead to increased force production over a greater range of motion

The sectioned RA limits bulking upon shortening, but also leads to a bead effect, facilitating torso flexion and extension as the visceral contents change volume

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4
Q

Levator Costarum

A

Origin:

  • C7-T11 TP

Insertion:

  • Rib below respective TP

Action:

  • rotation of vertebrae
  • lateral flexion of vertebrae
  • elevates the ribs (aids in respiration)
  • Stabilizes the rib

FD:

Inferior and lateral

Nerve:

Innervation is from lateral branches of the dorsal rami of the corresponding thoracic spinal nerves

D:

  • 12 pairs
  • on internal aspect of thoracic cage
  • The lower 4 muscle pairs may have an additional attachemtn to the second rib below their origin
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5
Q

Quadratus Lumborum

A

Origin:

  • Iliolumbar Ligament (Superior/Posterior aspect)
  • Posterior aspect Iliac Crest
  • TLF

Insertion:

  • Lower border of 12th Rib
  • L1-4 TP’s

Action:

  • depresses 12th rib in respiration
  • aids in extension of the trunk
  • unilaterally side bends the trunk
  • closely related with psoas

Nerve:

dorsal rami of the spinal segment (T12-L3)

R:

  • Merges with the diaphram and thus assits in breathing
  • if it goes into spasm affecting the thoracic diaphram something else needs to compensate and help us breathe properly

– which is usually are neck muscle (Scalenenes) which increase in tone to lift up the first and second ribs more. Person could come in with TOS but real cause is QL disfunction.

What has a great PSCA QL or glute med? QL

Trendelenburg is both a glute med and QL test

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5
Q

Transverse Abdominus

A

Origin:

  • Lower 6 CC (Inner Surface)
  • Middle layer of Fascia
  • Anterior 2/3 of inner lip of Iliac Crest -

Lateral 1/3 of Inguinal Ligament

Insertion:

  • Linea Alba
  • Pubic crest
  • Pectineal line

Action:

force attenuation

Stabilization

Protection of organs

Nerve:

T7-12, L1 iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal ligament

R:

A weakness of the internal obliques permits a bulging of the anterior abdominal wall, which indirectly tends to increase lordosis. It also helps to stabilize the linea alba, permitting better action by the anterolateral trunk muscles

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6
Q

Iliocostalis Lumborum

A

Origin:

  • Medial Crest of sacrum (Via broad tendon)
  • Lateral Crests of Sacrum
  • Dorsal SI and Sacrotuberous Ligament
  • Posterior part of Medial Lip of Iliac Crest
  • T11-L5 SP’s
  • Supraspinous Ligament

Insertion:

  • Inferior border of angles of lower 6 or 7 ribs

FD:

Mostly vertical but somewhat lateral

Action:

  • Extension of the vertebral column
  • Side bending
  • Rotation

R:

  • Sacrum stuck in a flexed position will affect Iliocostalis lumborum
  • Pulls on Sacrotuberous ligament which then pulls on biceps femoris
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7
Q

Origin:

  • Lower 6-10 Thoracic TP’s

Insertion:

  • Upper 4-8 Thoracic SP’s
  • Lower 2 Cervical SP’s

FD:

Vertical, slightly oblique

Action:

Aids in proprioception and segmental stabilization, A little extension, A little side bending, Some rotation

R:

Part of the transversospinalis group Acts as static postural muscles of the vertebral column affects OA joint

A

Semispinalis Thoracis

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7
Q

Origin:

  • 3-6 Thoracic SP

Insertion:

  • Posterior Tubercles of Upper 2 or 3 Cervical TP’s

Action:

side bends and rotates upper thoracic, cervical and OA joints

Relationship: Deeper

A

Splenius Cervicis

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8
Q

Spinalis Thoracis

A

Origin:

  • T11-L2 SP’s

Insertion:

  • Upper 4-8 Transverse SP’s
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9
Q

Longissimus Capitus

A

Origin:

  • Upper 4 or 5 Thoracic TPs
  • Lower 3 or 4 Cervical Articular Processes

Insertion:

  • Mastoid Process

Action:

  • Extension, lateral flexion and rotation of the cervical spine; turning the head to face toward the same side
  • Extension of the the neck and head, rotation and a little side bending of neck and head
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11
Q

Spinalis Capitis

A

Origin:

  • Upper 6 or 7 Thoracic TP’s
  • C7 TP
  • 4th-6th Cervical Articular Processes

Insertion:

  • Area between Superior/Inferior Nuchal Lines

Relationship:

  • inseparably connected with semispinalis capitis
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12
Q

Splenius Capitis

A

Origin:

  • Lower ½ of Ligamentum Nuchae
  • C7 SP - Upper 3 or 4 Thoracic SP

Insertion:

  • Mastoid Process
  • Occipital Bone inferior to lateral 1/3 of Superior Nuchal Line

FD:

ascend laterally

**Action: **

  • extension, lateral flexion and rot’n

Role:

more superficial

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13
Q

Spinalis Cervicis

A

Origin:

  • Lower 1/2 Ligamentum Nuchae
  • C7 SP

Insertion:

  • SP of Axis (C2)
  • Occasionally into SP’s of C3 + C4

Relationships:

Extension of supraspinous ligament

50% of your rotation occurs at C2

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13
Q

Origin/Insertion:

  • Between SP’s
  • Cervical = 6 pairs
  • Thoracic = 2 or 3 pairs
  • Lumbar = 4 pairs

Function/Role:

  • aids Erector Spinae in extension

-placed in pairs between spinous processes of continuous vertebrae

A

Interspinales

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14
Q

Obliqus Externus

A

Origin:

  • External Surface Lower 8 Ribs

Insertion:

  • Anterior ½ Iliac Crest
  • Linea Alba
  • Inguinal ligament

Action:

  • compresses abdomen
  • supports viscera
  • forced expiration
  • first part of trunk flexion

Nerve:

T7-11

Role:

The upper portion merges with seratus anterior

Lower portion merges with the lats

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16
Q

Intertransversarii

A

Origin/Insertion:

  • Between TP’s

Action:

side bends vertebral column

Role:

  • small muscles placed between Tp’s of continuous vertebrae in cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions
  • 4.5 – 7.3 times the muscles spindles than multifidus
  • Length transducers

– position sensors

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17
Q

Origin:

  • Iliocostalis Lumborum
  • TP’s T11-L5
  • TLF

Insertion: (2 tendons)

  • Thoracic TPs T12 - T2
  • Lower 9 or 10 Ribs (between tubercles and angles)

Action:

  • Extension and SB
A

Longissimus Thoracis

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18
Q

Transverse Thoracus

A

Origin:

  • Xiphoid Process (Inner Surface)
  • Sternum up to Rib 3 (Inner Surface)

Insertion:

  • Ribs 2-7 + CC (Inner Surface)

Action:

  • aids in expiration and depression of ribs 2-7

Nerve:

Innervation is from the corresponding intercostal nerves

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19
Q

Origin:

  • External Surface Lower 8 Ribs

Insertion:

  • Anterior ½ Iliac Crest
  • Linea Alba
  • Inguinal ligament

Action:

  • compresses abdomen
  • supports viscera
  • forced expiration
  • first part of trunk flexion

Nerve: T7-11

Role: The upper portion merges with seratus anterior Lower portion merges with the lats

A

Obliqus Externus

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20
Q

Origin:

  • Upper 6 or 7 Thoracic TP’s
  • C7 TP
  • 4th-6th Cervical Articular Processes

Insertion:

  • Area between Superior/Inferior Nuchal Lines

Relationship:

  • inseparably connected with semispinalis capitis
A

Spinalis Capitis

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20
Q

Origin:

  • Lower Thoracic or Upper Lumbar TP’s

Insertion:

  • Brevis = Lamina of vertebrae above
  • Longus = 2 above

Action: Side bend, rot, ext

Stress: Flexion will stretch or lengthen Rotatores

Role: - 4.5 – 7.3 times the muscles spindles than multifidus - Length transducers – position sensors

  • Brevis spans one segment
  • Longus spans up 2 segments above -11 pairs
A

Rotatores (Third Layer)

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21
Q

Origin:

  • Lower ½ of Ligamentum Nuchae
  • C7 SP
  • Upper 3 or 4 Thoracic SP

Insertion:

  • Mastoid Process
  • Occipital Bone inferior to lateral 1/3 of Superior Nuchal Line

FD: ascend laterally

Action:

  • extension, lateral flexion and rot’n

Role: more superficial

A

Splenius Capitis

22
Q

Origin:

  • Superior borders of angles of lower 6 ribs

Insertion:

  • Superior border of angles of upper 6 ribs
  • C7 TP

Action:

  • extension
  • side bending
A

Iliocostalis Thoracis

23
Q

Origin:

  • Upper 6 or 7 Thoracic TP’s
  • C7 TP
  • Cervical Articular Processes C4-6

Insertion:

  • Between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone

Role:

Much larger in comparison to semispinalis cervicis If a muscle attaches into the processes it helps with joint position sense 2-3x larger than SCM is CSA (Cross sectional area)

Nerve: Greater occipital artery + nerve

A

Semispinalis Capitis

24
Q

Semispinalis Thoracis

A

Origin:

  • Lower 6-10 Thoracic TP’s

Insertion:

  • Upper 4-8 Thoracic SP’s
  • Lower 2 Cervical SP’s

FD:

Vertical, slightly oblique

Action:

Aids in proprioception and segmental stabilization, A little extension, A little side bending, Some rotation

Role:

Part of the transversospinalis group Acts as static postural muscles of the vertebral column affects OA joint

25
Q

Origin:

  • T11-L2 SP’s

Insertion:

  • Upper 4-8 Thoracic SP’s
A

Spinalis Thoracis

26
Q

Origin:

  • Superior Border of Ribs + CC

Insertion:

  • Rib + CC above

FD:

  • is up and medial (perpendicular to Externi)
  • Up & lateral on the posterior aspect

Action:

  • supports intercostal space (maintains space)
  • lowers rib in forces expiration

D: 11 pairs

Role: From the rib angles, they continue as an aponeurotic layer called the internal intercostal membrane and blend with the superior CT ligament

A

Intercostales Interni

27
Q

Origin:

  • Angles of Ribs 3-6

Insertion:

  • Posterior Tubercles of TP’s C4-6

Action:

  • extension
A

Iliocostalis Cervicis

28
Q

Origin:

  • Upper 4 or 5 Thoracic TPs
  • Lower 3 or 4 Cervical Articular Processes

Insertion:

  • Mastoid Process

Action:

  • Extension, lateral flexion and rotation of the cervical spine; turning the head to face toward the same side
  • Extension of the the neck and head, rotation and a little side bending of neck and head
A

Longissimus Capitus

28
Q

Origin:

  • T11, T12, L1, L2 Sp’s
  • lumbar fascia
  • Also the supraspinous ligament

Insertion:

  • inferior border of lower 4 ribs just beyond their angles

FD: Oblique and lateral

Action:

-aids respiration & lowers ribs

Nerve:

-9th – 11th intercostal nerve

Role: lies immediately posterior to erector spinae

A

Serratus Posterior Inferior

29
Q

Origin:

  • Posterior Surface of Sacrum
  • Medial Surface of PSIS
  • Dorsal SI Ligament
  • L5 - C4 TP’s

Insertion:

  • SP’s above (Spans 2 - 4 segments)

Fibre Direction:

  • Superior, Oblique and Medial

Function/Role:

Segemental stability (Large amount)

Relationships:

  • If a spinal segment is in disfunction, not neccesarily pain, multifidus will start to atrophy within 24 hours -Some of the fibres will merge with the zygoapopheseal joint capsule - so able to give feedback to the body with regard to where the facets are, side bent, rotated etc. - Fibres arent neccesarily merging *Majority of the fibres will go from segment to segment
A

Multifidi

30
Q

Interspinales

A

Origin/Insertion:

  • Between SP’s
    • Cervical = 6 pairs
    • Thoracic = 2 or 3 pairs
    • Lumbar = 4 pairs

Function/Role:

  • aids Erector Spinae in extension

Relationship:

placed in pairs between spinous processes of continuous vertebrae

31
Q

Origin:

  • Sp’s of C7, T1, T2, T3
  • lower part of ligamentum nuchae
  • Supraspinous ligament

Insertion:

  • upper border of ribs 2-5
  • Inserts just lateral to the rib angles on their superior and superfical surfaces

Action:

-aids in respiration & elevates ribs

Nerve:

  • 2nd – 4th intercostal nerves
A

Serratus Posterior Superior

33
Q

Intercostales Externi

A

Origin:

  • Inferior border of Rib below Tubercle

Insertion:

  • Superior border of Rib below

FD:

is down & medial (Ant), down & lat (Post)

Action:

  • supports intercostal space (protective)
  • elevates rib in inspiration

D:

11 pairs

**R: **

Orginates from the tubercles of the rib, blending with the posterior fibres of the CT ligaments

36
Q

Iliocostalis Cervicis

A

Origin:

  • Angles of Ribs 3-6

Insertion:

  • Posterior Tubercles of TP’s C4-6

Action:

  • extension
38
Q

Iliocostalis Thoracis

A

Origin:

  • Superior borders of angles of lower 6 ribs

Insertion:

  • Superior border of angles of upper 6 ribs
  • C7 TP

Action:

  • extension
  • side bending
39
Q

Origin:

  • Xiphoid Process (Inner Surface)
  • Lower 6 Ribs + CC (Inner Surface)
  • Anterior Surface L1-L3
  • Right/Left Crura
  • Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
  • IVD - Medial / Lateral Arcuate Ligaments

Insertion:

  • Central Tendon

FD:

The medial tendinous margins of the crura pass anteriorly and medialward, and meet in the middle line to form an arch across the front of the aorta known as the median arcuate ligament; this arch is often poorly defined. The area behind this arch is known as the aortic hiatus.

N:

-innervated by phrenic nerve C3, C4, C5

R:

At their origins the crura are tendinous in structure, and blend with the anterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column. The right crus, larger and longer than the left, arises from the anterior surfaces of the bodies and intervertebral fibrocartilages of the upper three lumbar vertebrae. The left crus arises from the corresponding parts of the upper two lumbar vertebrae only. The medial fibers of the right crus ascend on the left side of the esophageal hiatus, and occasionally a fasciculus of the left crus crosses the aorta and runs obliquely through the fibers of the right crus toward the vena caval foramen. pericardial sac attaches to the diaphragm made up of 3 parts right, which is the largest and corresponds to right lung anterior, corresponding to heart left, which is the smallest and correspond to left lung

Holes of the Diaphragm: -vena cava -esophageal hiatus (formed by right crus) -aortic hiatus (formed where right and left crura meet superiorly)…aorta sits posterior to diaphragm and anterior to the vertebral column -phrenic nerve

A

Thoracic Diaphragm

40
Q

Origin:

  • Upper 5 or 6 Thoracic TP’s

Insertion:

  • C2-C5 SP’s
A

Semispinalis Cervicis

41
Q

Origin:

  • Upper 4 or 5 Thoracic TPs

Insertion:

  • Posterior Tubercles of TP’s C2-6

Action:

  • Extension and SB
A

Longissimus Cervicis

42
Q

Origin:

  • Symphysis Pubis
  • Pubic Crest

Insertion:

  • Anterior Surface of Xiphoid Process
  • Anterior Surface of Costal Cartilages 5-7

Action:

  • flexes pelvis and vertebral column
  • compresses abdomen
  • supports viscera

Nerve:

ventral rami of T7-11

Role: The role of the transverse lines between the abs is to prevent compression of the abdominal organs during flexion divided by 3 horizontal lines of connective tissue which divide RA and tighten it down to increase mechanical advantage One large strap muscle would lead to increased force production over a greater range of motion The sectioned RA limits bulking upon shortening, but also leads to a bead effect, facilitating torso flexion and extension as the visceral contents change volume

A

Rectus Abdominus

43
Q

Origin:

  • TLF
  • Anterior 2/3 of Iliac Crest (middle lip)
  • Lateral 2/3 of Inguinal Ligament

Insertion:

Lower 3 CC

Linea Alba

Pubic Crest

Pectineal Line

Action:

Force closure of symphasis pubis compresses abdomen aids in expiration supports viscera flex the vertebral column

Nerve:

T9-12, L1 Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerve

Role:

The more inferiorly placed portion of the muscle exerts a pull on the pelvis, a motion that is medially directed, effectively increasing compression of the pubic symphysis. This muscle can exert a powerful forward and elevation movement of the pelvis, a motion that is essential in sprinting

A

Obliqus Internus

45
Q

Obliqus Internus

A

Origin:

  • TLF
  • Anterior 2/3 of Iliac Crest (middle lip)
  • Lateral 2/3 of Inguinal Ligament

Insertion:

Lower 3 CC

Linea Alba

Pubic Crest

Pectineal Line

Action:

Force closure of symphasis pubis

compresses abdomen

aids in expiration

supports viscera

flex the vertebral column

Nerve:

T9-12, L1 Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerve

R:

The more inferiorly placed portion of the muscle exerts a pull on the pelvis, a motion that is medially directed, effectively increasing compression of the pubic symphysis. This muscle can exert a powerful forward and elevation movement of the pelvis, a motion that is essential in sprinting

46
Q

Longissimus Cervicis

A

Origin:

  • Upper 4 or 5 Thoracic TPs

Insertion:

  • Posterior Tubercles of TP’s C2-6

Action:

  • Extension and SB
47
Q

Origin:

  • Xiphoid Process (Inner Surface)
  • Sternum up to Rib 3 (Inner Surface)

Insertion:

  • Ribs 2-7 + CC (Inner Surface)

Action:

  • aids in expiration and depression of ribs 2-7

N:

-Innervation is from the corresponding intercostal nerves

A

Transverse Thoracus

48
Q

Origin:

  • Lower 1/2 Ligamentum Nuchae
  • C7 SP

Insertion:

  • SP of Axis (C2)
  • Occasionally into SP’s of C3 + C4

R:

Extension of supraspinous ligament

50% of your rotation occurs at C2

A

Spinalis Cervicis

49
Q

Splenius Cervicis

A

Origin:

  • 3-6 Thoracic SP

Insertion:

  • Posterior Tubercles of Upper 2 or 3 Cervical TP’s

A:

side bends and rotates upper thoracic, cervical and OA joints

R: Deeper than Splenius Capitus

50
Q

Semispinalis Cervicis

A

Origin:

  • Upper 5 or 6 Thoracic TP’s

Insertion:

  • C2-C5 SP’s
50
Q

Multifidi

A

Origin:

  • Posterior Surface of Sacrum
  • Medial Surface of PSIS
  • Dorsal SI Ligament
  • L5 - C4 TP’s

Insertion:

  • SP’s above (Spans 2 - 4 segments)

Fibre Direction:

  • Superior, Oblique and Medial

Function/Role:

Segemental stability (Large amount)

Relationships:

  • If a spinal segment is in disfunction, not neccesarily pain, multifidus will start to atrophy within 24 hours
  • Some of the fibres will merge with the zygoapopheseal joint capsule - so able to give feedback to the body with regard to where the facets are, side bent, rotated etc.
  • Fibres arent neccesarily merging *Majority of the fibres will go from segment to segment
51
Q

Origin:

  • Inferior border of Rib below Tubercle

Insertion:

  • Superior border of Rib below

FD:

is down & medial (Ant), down & lat (Post) Action:

  • supports intercostal space (protective)
  • elevates rib in inspiration

D: 11 pairs

R: Orginates from the tubercles of the rib, blending with the posterior fibres of the CT ligaments

A

Intercostales Externi

53
Q

Origin:

  • Lower 6 CC (Inner Surface)
  • Middle layer of Fascia
  • Anterior 2/3 of inner lip of Iliac Crest
  • Lateral 1/3 of Inguinal Ligament

Insertion:

  • Linea Alba
  • Pubic crest
  • Pectineal line

A:

force attenuation Stabilization Protection of organs Nerve:

T7-12, L1 iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal ligament

Role:

A weakness of the internal obliques permits a bulging of the anterior abdominal wall, which indirectly tends to increase lordosis. It also helps to stabilize the linea alba, permitting better action by the anterolateral trunk muscles

A

Transverse Abdominus

54
Q

Rotatores

A

Origin:

  • Lower Thoracic or Upper Lumbar TP’s

Insertion:

  • Lamina of vertebrae above (Brevis)
  • Longus = 2 above

A:

Side bend, rot, ext

S:

Flexion will stretch or lengthen Rotatores

R:

  • 4.5 – 7.3 times the muscles spindles than multifidus
  • Length transducers

– position sensors

  • Brevis spans one segment
  • Longus spans up 2 segments above
  • 11 pairs
55
Q

Origin:

  • Iliolumbar Ligament (Superior/Posterior aspect)
  • Posterior aspect Iliac Crest
  • TLF

Insertion:

  • Lower border of 12th Rib
  • L1-4 TP’s

Action:

  • depresses 12th rib in respiration
  • aids in extension of the trunk
  • unilaterally side bends the trunk
  • closely related with psoas

Nerve:

dorsal rami of the spinal segment (T12-L3)

Role:

Merges with the diaphram and thus assits in breathing - if it goes into spaasm affecting the thoracic diaphram something else needs to compensate and help us breathe properly – which is usually are neck muscle (Scalenenes) which increase in tone to lift up the first and second ribs more. Person could come in with TOS but real cause is QL disfunction. What has a great PSCA QL or glute med? QL Trendelenburg is both a glute med and QL test

A

Quadratus Lumborum

56
Q

Intercostales Interni

A

Origin:

  • Superior Border of Ribs + CC

Insertion:

  • Rib + CC above

FD:

-is up and medial (perpendicular to Externi) (Posterior aspect)

Action:

  • supports intercostal space (maintains space)
  • lowers rib in forces expiration

D:

11 pairs

R:

From the rib angles, they continue as an aponeurotic layer called the internal intercostal membrane and blend with the superior CT ligament

57
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior

A

Origin:

  • T11, T12, L1, L2 Sp’s
  • TLF
  • Supraspinous ligament

Insertion:

  • Inferior border lower 4 ribs (just beyond their angles)

FD:

Oblique and lateral

Action:

-aids respiration & lowers ribs

Nerve:

-9th–11th intercostal nerve

R:

lies immediately posterior to erector spinae

58
Q

Thoracic Diaphragm

A

Origin:

  • Xiphoid Process (Inner Surface)
  • Lower 6 Ribs + CC (Inner Surface)
  • Anterior Surface L1-L3
    • Right/Left Crura
    • Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
    • Medial / Lateral Arcuate Ligaments

Insertion:

  • Central Tendon

FD:

The medial tendinous margins of the crura pass anteriorly and medialward, and meet in the middle line to form an arch across the front of the aorta known as the median arcuate ligament; this arch is often poorly defined. The area behind this arch is known as the aortic hiatus.

N:

innervated by phrenic nerve C3, C4, C5

R:

At their origins the crura are tendinous in structure, and blend with the anterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column.

The right crus, larger and longer than the left, arises from the anterior surfaces of the bodies and intervertebral fibrocartilages of the upper three lumbar vertebrae.

The left crus arises from the corresponding parts of the upper two lumbar vertebrae only. The medial fibers of the right crus ascend on the left side of the esophageal hiatus, and occasionally a fasciculus of the left crus crosses the aorta and runs obliquely through the fibers of the right crus toward the vena caval foramen.

pericardial sac attaches to the diaphragm made up of 3 parts right, which is the largest and corresponds to right lung anterior, corresponding to heart left, which is the smallest and correspond to left lung

Holes of the Diaphragm:

  • vena cava
  • esophageal hiatus (formed by right crus)
  • aortic hiatus (formed where right and left crura meet superiorly)…aorta sits posterior to diaphragm and anterior to the vertebral column -phrenic nerve
59
Q

Origin/Insertion:

  • Between TP’s

Action:

side bends vertebral column

Role:

  • small muscles placed between Tp’s of continuous vertebrae in cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions - 4.5 – 7.3 times the muscles spindles than multifidus - Length transducers – position sensors
A

Intertransversarii

60
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior

A

Origin:

  • C7-T3 SP
  • Lower 1/2 Ligamentum Nuchae
  • Supraspinous ligament

Insertion:

  • upper border of ribs 2-5
  • Inserts just lateral to the rib angles on their superior and superfical surfaces

Action:

-aids in respiration & elevates ribs

Nerve:

  • 2nd–4th intercostal nerves

Spinal Anatomy (15 decks)

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