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Spinal Anatomy > Spinal Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Spinal Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the shape of the sacrum and which direction does the base go?

A

Large triangle shaped bone with the base directed upward.

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2
Q

What is the sacrum wedged between?

A

The innominate bones on each side.

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3
Q

The sacrum is formed by the fusion of _ sacral vertebrae after aproximately __ years of age.

A

5 sacral vertebrae after approx. 20 years of age

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4
Q

What does the base of the sacrum articulate with?

A

5th lumbar vertebrae

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5
Q

What does the apex of the sacrum articulate with?

A

Coccyx

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6
Q

What does the sacral canal contain?

A

Cauda equina and spinal meninges

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7
Q

Describe the pelvic surface of the sacrum and the direction it faces.

A

Smooth concave surface facing anteriorly and inferiorly

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8
Q

How many pairs of pelvic sacral foramen are present and what is their purpose?

A

4 pairs which serve as passage for nerves

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9
Q

How many raised lines does the pelvic surface of the sacrum have? Which direction do they run?

A

4 raised transverse lines

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10
Q

Describe the dorsal surface of the sacrum

A

Roughened convex shaped surface

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11
Q

What type of facets are present on the dorsal surface of the sacrum? What do they articulate with?

A

Superior articular facets which articulate with the inferior articular facets of the 5th lumbar vertebrae.

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12
Q

How many pairs of dorsal sacral foramen are present and what is their purpose?

A

4 pairs which serve as passage for nerves

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13
Q

Median sacral crest is a midline ridge comprised of fused ____

A

Spinous processes

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14
Q

2 intermediate sacral crests on the ___ side of the dorsal foramen formed by the fused ___ and ___ processes.

A

2 intermediate sacral crests on the MEDIAL side of the dorsal foramen formed by the fused SUPERIOR and INFERIOR articular processes.

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15
Q

2 lateral sacral crests on the ____ side of the dorsal foramen formed by the fused ___ processes.

A

2 lateral sacral crests on the LATERAL side of the dorsal foramen formed by the fused TRANSVERSE processes.

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16
Q

What does the articular surface of the sacrum articulate with?

A

The ilium

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17
Q

What does the rough and pitted area on the lateral surface of the sacrum provide attachment for?

A

The sacroiliac ligament

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18
Q

What is the shape of the coccyx and what direction does it point?

A

Triangular in shape, directed inferiorly.

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19
Q

How many vertebrae does the coccyx consist of? What type

A

4 vestigial, rudimentary, undeveloped vertebrae

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20
Q

Describe the dorsal and pelvic surface of the coccyx.

A

Dorsal surface is roughened, pelvis surface is smooth.

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21
Q

What 3 components compose the innominate bone?

A

Ilium, ischium and pubis

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22
Q

What fraction of the hip bone is comprised of the ilium?

A

2/3

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23
Q

What fraction of the acetabulum is comprised from the ilium?

A

2/5

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24
Q

what direction does the gluteal surface point?

A

posterior and lateral

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25
Q

what is the gluteal surface inferior and superior to?

A

inferior to iliac crest, superior to acetabulum

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26
Q

How many ridges does the glutel surface have?

What are there directions?

A

3 - posterior, anterior, inferior

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27
Q

Which is the shortest most pronounced gluteal line?

A

posterior gluteal line

28
Q

what two points does the posterior gluteal line run between?

A

iliac crest 4cm anterior to the PSIS running downward to the PIIS

29
Q

what is the longest, arc shaped gluteal line?

A

anterior gluteal line

30
Q

what two points does the anterior gluteal line run between?

A

tubercle of the crest 5cm posterior to ASIS to the middle of the upper margin of the greater sciatic notch

31
Q

what two points does the inferior gluteal line run between?

A

starts from the AIIS above and arches posterior and inferior to the lower border of the greater sciatic notch

32
Q

which direction does the iliac fossa point

A

anterior and medial

33
Q

what bony landmark provides origin for iliacus?

A

The iliac fossa

34
Q

What seperates the iliac fossa and the sacropelvic surface?

A

a ridge called the medial border

35
Q

Describe the auricular surface

A

ear shaped smooth surface, irregular and covered by hyaline cartilage

36
Q

what does the scaropelvic surface articulate with and what does this articulation form?

A

articulates with the sacrum to form the sacroiliac joint

37
Q

what two points does the iliac crest run between?

A

ASIS to PSIS

38
Q

What is the superior border of the ilium called?

A

Iliac crest

39
Q

where is the tubercle of the iliac crest found?

A

5cm posterior to the ASIS on the superior side of the crest

40
Q

What does the ASIS provide attachment for?

A

Origin of sartorius and superior attachment of inguinal ligament

41
Q

What is on either end of the greater sciatic notch (boney landmarks)

A

PIIS (Superiorly)

Ischial Spine (Inferiorly)

42
Q

what converts the sciatic notch into a foramen?

A

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

43
Q

what is another name for the arcuate line?

A

iliopectineal line

44
Q

what does the arcuate line provide seperation between?

A

divides bone into that part that bounds the abdomen and that part that bounds the pelvis

45
Q

what is the bump that marks the union of the ilium and the pubis called?

A

iliopubic eminence

46
Q

what is the anterior portion of the innominate called?

A

pubis

47
Q

where is the pubis in relation to the acetabulum?

A

anterior and inferior

48
Q

the pubis consists of a ___ and two ___

A

a BODY and two RAMI

49
Q

the pubis comes from both sides to meet in front to form the ___

A

symphysis pubis

50
Q

what muscles does the pubis provide origin for?

A

adductor muscles

51
Q

what part of the innominate is the ischium?

A

inferior, posterior part

52
Q

what shape is the ischium?

A

L-shaped

53
Q

the ischium consists of a ___ and one __

A

body and one ramus

54
Q

what is the lowest part of the innominate?

A

Ischial tuberosity

55
Q

what obscures the ischial tuberosity when the hip is extended?

A

gluteus maximus

56
Q

what muscles originate from the ischial tuberosity

A

hamstrings

57
Q

what ligament attaches to the ischial tubersoity?

A

sacrotuberous ligament

58
Q

Where is the ischial spine located?

A

small projection on the posterior border between the GSN and LSN

59
Q

what is the ischial spine superior/inferior to?

A

superior to the lesser sciatic notch and inferior to the greater sciatic notch

60
Q

what does the Ischial spine provide attachment for?

A

sacrospinous ligament

61
Q

which aspect of the innominate is the acetabulum found?

A

lateral

62
Q

what directions does the acetabulum face?

A

lateral inferior and anterior

63
Q

what is the shape of the articular surface of the acetabulum? Which aspect is widest?

A

articular surface is horseshoe shaped and widest superiorly

64
Q

What forms the acetabulum? (_/5)

A
  • pubis forms the anterior and inferior 1/5
  • ischium forms the posterior and inferior 2/5
  • ilium forms the remaining 2/5
65
Q
A
66
Q
A

Spinal Anatomy (15 decks)

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