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Patho Exam 4 > Spinal Injury > Flashcards

Spinal Injury Flashcards

1
Q

Motor Pathway

A

Descending; from brain to body, (Efferent)

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2
Q

Sensory Pathway

A

Ascending, from body to brain, (Afferent)

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3
Q

Monoplegia

A

paralysis on one limb

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4
Q

Hemiplegia

A

paralysis in both limbs of same side (half vertical)

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5
Q

Paraplegia

A

paralysis of both upper or both lower extremities (half horizontal)

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6
Q

Quadriplegia

A

paralysis all 4 extremities

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7
Q

Paresis

A

Weakness

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8
Q

Plegia

A

Paralysis

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9
Q

Ipsilateral

A

same side as damage occured

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10
Q

Contralateral

A

Opposite side that damage occured

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11
Q

Hypotonia/Hypertonia

A

less than normal muscle tone; excessive muscle tone

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12
Q

Flaccidity

A

Absence of muscle tone

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13
Q

Spasticity

A

causes still awkward muscle movement

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14
Q

Rigidity

A

immovable stiffness

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15
Q

Tetany

A

intermittent tonic spasms

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16
Q

Fracture

A

fragmentation of the bone

17
Q

Dislocation

A

complete displacement of bone

18
Q

Sublaxation

A

Partial dislocation, did not come all of the way out

19
Q

Types of Spinal Cord Injuries (4)

A

Flexion (head down), Extension (head up), Compression (pushing down on spine ie jumping/diving), Axial Rotation (twisting)

20
Q

Incomplete Transection

A

partial preservation of function

21
Q

Complete Transection

A

absense of motor and sensory function; lost from site of injury and below (higher up the injury –> the more damaging the effects)

above T1= quadriplegic
below T1= paraplegic

22
Q

Causes of Spinal Cord Injury

A

Primary- initial injury

Secondary- progressive neurologic damage (vascular damage, release of enzymes, lack of function)

23
Q

Central Cord Damage Syndrome

A

what is it: damage to central grey/white matter of cord; affects upper extremities more

Cause: lesions, trauma, tumors

S/S: paresis, lose pain and temperature sensation

24
Q

Anterior Cord Syndrome

A

what is it: infarction of anterior spinal artery; affects anterior 2/3 of cord; POOR RECOVERY

Cause: occlusion of anterior spinal artery

S/S: all malfunction except position and vibratory sensation

25
Q

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

A

what is it: damage to half section of anterior/posterior cord; affects loss of voluntary motor function

Cause: unilaeral spinal cord lesions, penetrating trauma

S/S: Ipsilateral paresis, loss of touch, position, vibratory sensation; contralateral loss of pain/temperature sensation

26
Q

Conus Medullaris

A

what is it: damage to sacral cord and lumbar nerve roots; affects lower body motor function

Cause: Lesion at L1

S/S: Distal leg paresis,
Perianal and perineal loss of sensation (saddle anesthesia), Erectile dysfunction, Urinary retention, frequency, or incontinence, Fecal incontinence, Hypotonic anal sphincter, Abnormal bulbocavernosus and anal wink reflexes

27
Q

Cauda Equina

A

what is it: damage to lumosacral nerve roots w/in canal

S/S: asymetric flaccid paralysis, sensory impairment, and pain

28
Q

Autonomic Dysreflexia

A

what is it: acute episode of axaggerated sympathetic reflex response; MEDICAL EMERGENCY

Cause: Visceral distention (full bladder), pain (ulcers, ingrown nail), visceral contractions (ejaculation, spasms)

S/S: extremely high BP, bradycardia, headache, sweating

29
Q

Upper Motor Neuron Lesions (UMN)

A

injury at T12 or above; spastic paralysis

30
Q

Lower Motor Neuron Lesions (LMN)

A

Injury below T12;

Flaccid Paralysis

31
Q

Ventilation Function

A

injury at C1-C3= can’t breathe

injury at C3-C5= need nighttime ventilator

injury below C5= can breathe

32
Q

Computed Tomography (CT)

A

cross section imagining of body, can identify larger herniation

with Myelogram- dye lights up nerve roots

33
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

most useful for spine surgery, detail of disc and nerve roots, highly detailed

34
Q

Electromyography

A

looks at electrical activity of nerve root, distinguish neuropathy from radiculopathy

35
Q

Somatosensory evoked potentials

A

speed of electrical conduction, monitor spinal cord function during surgery

36
Q

Poikilothermy

A

assume external temperature

37
Q

Types of Pain (4)

A
  1. Mechanical/fracture pain (dull)
  2. Radicular/spinal nerve root (shooting)
  3. Visceral (not localized)
  4. Central (burning below site of injury, worse with movement/touch)
38
Q

Herniated Discs (2)

A

Caused by trauma, aging, degenerative disorder

  1. Lumbar- lower extremities
  2. Cervial- upper extremities (pain travels down arm as C# increases)

Patho Exam 4 (4 decks)

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