Spinal Injuries and Pain Flashcards

1
Q

What is a paraplegic?

A

-Loss of movement in lower limbs (below C8)

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2
Q

What is a quadriplegic?

A

-Loss of movement of all above limbs (C8 and above)

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3
Q

What is monoplegia?

A

-1 limb affected

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4
Q

What is hemiplegia?

A

-Right or left side affected

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5
Q

What is a complete spinal cord injury?

A
  • Completely severed

- Loose both anterior (motor neurons) and posterior (sensory neurons)

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6
Q

What is incomplete spinal cord injury?

A

-Only parts of the spine are affected

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7
Q

What is spinal shock?

A
  • “Concussion of the spine”
  • Loss of bowel and bladder control
  • Vasodilation
  • Reduced sympathetic tone.
  • Reduced sweating below the affected area (because sweating is caused by the sympathetic tone and that is damaged)
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8
Q

What is spasticity?

A
  • Loss of inhibitory messages down from the brain

- Causes reflexes to continue

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9
Q

What is spinal ganglia?

A
  • Close to the spinal cord

- More likely to disrupt the sympathetic nervous system

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10
Q

What is poikilothermy?

A
  • When an organism attains the temperature of the environment.
  • Decreased sympathetic and sweating
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11
Q

Why is there an increased risk of an individual getting deep vein thrombosis when they have a spinal cord injury?

A
  • Decreased mobility
  • Vasodilation can lead to blood pools
  • Decreased skeletal muscle pump affected and decreased venous return.

-Compression stockings can help.

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12
Q

What are the main types of pain?

A

-Emotion and Sensory.

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13
Q

What is acute pain?

A

-The body has a reflex to move away from the pain (Eg. touching a stove)

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14
Q

What are Nociceptors =

A

-Pain receptors (Blunt force, extreme hot/ cold temperatures).

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15
Q

What is chronic pain?

A
  • Cant localise the pain.

- Achy and dull.

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16
Q

What is Referred pain?

A
  • Feel pain in different places to the initial source.

- Because sensory travels on the same pathway as the skin, by the time it reaches the brain it is confused.

17
Q

What is Visceral pain?

A
  • Pain from organs (Visera).

- Eg. Heart attack. Pain may be felt in arm, jaw, shoulder and gallbladder.

18
Q

What is Endogenous opioid?

A
  • The body sends endogenous opioids to the brain to help deal with the pain.
  • The opioids bind to opioid receptors and stop the pain impulse from getting to the brain, therefore, there is no perception of pain.
19
Q

What region is involved in understanding pain?

A

-Somatosensory cortex= Localising pain.