Spinal Fractures Flashcards
What are the four types of spinal fractures?
Compression fracture,
burst fracture,
flexion-distraction,
dislocation fracture
What are the four subtypes of compressions?
Type A - involvement of both end plates
Type B - involvement of superior end plate
Type C - inferior end plate
Type D - buckling of anterior cortex with both end plates intact.
Jewett/CASH indications
One level compression fx
- sagittal control only
- T7/8 through L3/4
- less than 50% vertebral height loss
What plane are burst fractures most unstable?
Transverse plane
A Jefferson fx refers to what vertebra?
C1
A hangman’s fx refers to which vertebra?
C2
For the spine, what does ‘dysplastic’ refer to?
- exhibiting dysplasia
- containing abnormal cells or showing abnormal development
For the spine, what does ‘isthmic’ refer to?
The isthmus, or pars interarticularis, is a small, thin segment of bone that connects the facet joints at the back of the spine
Spondylolysis
a stress fracture through the pars interarticularis of the lumbar vertebrae
Spondylolisthesis
The anterior slippage of the superior vertebra from the inferior vertebra due to instability of the pars interarticularis
Spondyloptosis
- Slippage of the L5 vertebra in which the entire vertebral body of L5 is located below the superior end of S1
- It is the most severe degree of slippage possible
- Rare
What are the 6 ways to classify spondylisthesis?
- Dyspolastic
- Isthmic
- Degenerative
- Traumatic
- Pathologic
- Post-surgical
What is the POSTURE clinical presentation for a pediatric patient with spondylolisthesis?
flexed hips and knees
- sacral prominence
- hyperlordosis proximal to slip
- body’s COG displaced anteriorly
What is the GAIT clinical presentation for a pediatric patient with spondylolisthesis?
- hamstring tightness causing short step length
- vertical sacrum
- toe walking due to flexed hips and knees
- L5, S1 nerve root weakness
