Spinal fracture - MSK Flashcards
What is osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is a condition where bones gradually decrease in bone mineral density, increasing the likelihood of fragility fractures.
What are fragility fractures?
Fragility fractures are fractures that occur as a result of mechanical forces which would not usually lead to a fracture.
What is a common site for osteoporotic fractures?
One of the most common sites of osteoporotic fractures is the spine (vertebra).
What are common presentations of osteoporotic vertebral fractures?
They often present with acute onset back pain, but patients can also be asymptomatic.
What is the male-to-female ratio for osteoporosis prevalence?
The male-to-female ratio is 1:6.
What percentage of women will develop osteoporosis by age 80?
25% of women will have developed osteoporosis by the age of 80.
What is a major risk factor for osteoporotic fractures?
Advancing age is a major risk factor; women ≥ 65 years and men ≥ 75 years should be assessed for fracture risk.
What are some risk factors for osteoporotic fractures?
Risk factors include previous history of fragility fracture, glucocorticoid use, history of falls, family history of hip fracture, low BMI, tobacco smoking, and high alcohol intake.
How may patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures present?
Patients may be asymptomatic, have acute back pain, breathing difficulties, or gastrointestinal problems.
What are some signs of osteoporotic vertebral fractures?
Signs include loss of height, kyphosis, and localized tenderness on palpation of spinous processes.
What is the first investigation for osteoporotic vertebral fractures?
X-ray of the spine should be the first investigation ordered.
What can a CT spine investigation provide?
CT spine gives a more detailed view of the bone structure and can visualize the extent/features of the fracture more clearly.
What is the purpose of a DEXA scan?
DEXA scans assess bone mineral density to evaluate the likelihood of future fractures.
What tools can estimate the 10-year risk of a fracture?
The FRAX tool or QFracture tool can be used to estimate the 10-year risk of a fracture.
