Pancytopenia Flashcards
What characterises aplastic anaemia?
Pancytopenia and a hypoplastic bone marrow.
What is the peak incidence age for acquired aplastic anaemia?
30 years old.
What are the features of aplastic anaemia?
Normochromic, normocytic anaemia; leukopenia with lymphocytes relatively spared; thrombocytopenia.
What may be the presenting feature of acute lymphoblastic or myeloid leukaemia?
Aplastic anaemia.
What conditions may develop in a minority of patients with aplastic anaemia?
Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria or myelodysplasia.
What are the idiopathic causes of aplastic anaemia?
Idiopathic causes are one of the categories.
What congenital conditions are associated with aplastic anaemia?
Fanconi anaemia and dyskeratosis congenita.
What drugs can cause aplastic anaemia?
Cytotoxics, chloramphenicol, sulphonamides, phenytoin, and gold.
What toxins are known to cause aplastic anaemia?
Benzene.
What infections can lead to aplastic anaemia?
Parvovirus and hepatitis.
What type of exposure can cause aplastic anaemia?
Radiation.
What is drug-induced pancytopaenia?
A condition where drugs cause a decrease in all blood cell types.
What are some drug causes of pancytopaenia?
Cytotoxic drugs, antibiotics (trimethoprim, chloramphenicol), anti-rheumatoid drugs (gold, penicillamine), carbimazole, anti-epileptics (carbamazepine), and sulphonylureas (tolbutamide).
Which drug causes both agranulocytosis and pancytopaenia?
Carbimazole
