Spinal + Epidural

Question 1

Spinal Anaesthesia;

Local anaesthetic solutions introduced via a ? directly into the ???, producing spinal anaesthesia.
Onset is ?, and lasts 1-? hours.
o Contraindicated in operations >? hours.
There is a complete ? block in the affected area.
o Loss of ?, ? and ? sense

Answer 1

needle
CSF
fast
4
2
sensory
pain
temp
positional

Question 2

Spinal

The block can extend from T10 (?) to ?.
o Level of anaesthetic can be measured using ?/? touch.
The patient should be continuously monitored with ?, ?, ? and ?
Sympathetic blockade can lead to ?, so ? and fluids
may be required.

Answer 2

nipples
toes
ice
light
ecg
bp
rr
sats
hypotension
vasoconstrictors

Question 3

Spinal

Spinal anaesthesia is sometimes supported with ? anaesthesia, which
allows ? blockage for surgery, and also ? pain relief.
Contraindications are raised ?, hypo-?, surgery above the ?, local/ systemic ?, or procedures lasting >?hours.

Answer 3

epidural
prolonged
post-op
icp
hypovolaemia
thorax
infection
2

Question 4

Epidural anaesthesia;

Epidural ? inserted into the epidural space, then local anaesthetic (plus ?) can be delivered ? via a pump.
Can take up to ? minutes for surgical anaesthesia to be achieved .
o ? onset than spinal anaesthesia.
Level of anaesthesia then depends on the ? of anaesthetic used

Answer 4

catheter
analgesia
continuously
45
slower
amount

Question 5

Epidural

It may be used in longer ?+? or ? surgery, but it is often
combined with a ?/ spinal anaesthetic.
It can also be used as an on-demand system for ? ?.
– in ?/post-op

Answer 5

O+G
orthopaedic
general
pain relief
labour

Question 6

Epidural

• cont monitoring with ? ? ? and ?
• complx can be hypo?, ? depression, or CSF/dural ? giving a headache and ? spinal effect

general benefit of regional -> less risk of ? infections, ? complications, ????, post-op ? and ???

Answer 6

ecg, bp, rr, sats
tension
resp
puncture
total

chest
CV
PONV
pain
DVT