Spinal Cord Structure

Question 1

Protective mechanisms of the spinal cord

Answer 1

vertebral column, intervertebral discs, meninges

Question 2

Vertebral column

Answer 2

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

Question 3

Intervertebral discs

Answer 3

inner core- nucleus pulposus

outer layer- annulous fibrosus

Question 4

Meninges

Answer 4

dura, arachnoid membrane, CSF, pia mater

Question 5

Cervical vertebrae

Answer 5

7

Question 6

Thoracic vertebrae

Answer 6

12

Question 7

Lumbar vertebrae

Answer 7

5

Question 8

Inside central gray matter

Answer 8

anterior horn, lateral horn, posterior horn

Question 9

inside white matter

Answer 9

myelinated ascending and descending tracts

Question 10

PNS (31 pairs exiting the spinal cord)

Answer 10

8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

Question 11

Sensation of spinal nerve is approximately level with the nipple line

Answer 11

T4

Question 12

Afferent pathway in which impulses enter the cord

Convey sensory input from specific areas of the body known as dermatomes

Answer 12

dorsal root

Question 13

Efferent pathway in which impulses leave

Convey efferent impulses from the spinal cord to the body

Answer 13

ventral root

Question 14

Ascending tracts (sensory/carries information to the brain)

Answer 14

Spinothalamic
Spinocerebellar
Posterior column tract

Question 15

Transmits to the thalamus and then to the cerebrum
Opposite side of stimulus
Anterior
(crude touch, pressure)
Lateral
(Pain, temperature)

Answer 15

Spinothalamic tracts

Question 16

Transmits to the cerebellum
Same side as stimulus
Proprioception

Answer 16

Spinocerebellar tracts

Question 17

Transmits to primary sensory cortex
Opposite side of stimulus
Proprioception, fine touch, pressure, vibration

Answer 17

Posterior column tracts

Question 18

Descending (voluntary motor tracts)

Answer 18

corticospinal, subconscious

Question 19

Originates in motor cortex of the frontal lobe & portions of the parietal lobe
Conscious control of skeletal muscle

Answer 19

corticospinal

Question 20

Originates in the nucleus of the midbrain
receives fibers from cerebellum and descends in the lateral and anterior funiculi
conveys impulses to control muscle synergy and tone

Answer 20

subconscious

Question 21

Weakness, paralysis
Spasticity
Increased tendon reflexes
Positive Babinski sign
Loss of abdominal reflexes
Little or no muscle atrophy

Answer 21

upper motor neuron syndrome (located entirely in the CNS)

Question 22

Motor weakness
Wasting and fasciculations of muscles
Hypotonia
Loss of tendon reflexes

Answer 22

lower motor neuron syndrome (located in the CNS and the PNS)

Question 23

CSF (pH)

Answer 23

7.35-7.45

Question 24

CSF (SG)

Answer 24

1.007

Question 25

CSF (glucose)

Answer 25

50-75 mg/dL

Question 26

CSF (protein)

Answer 26

5-25 mg/dL

Question 27

CSF (volume)

Answer 27

135-150 mL

Question 28

CSF (pressure)

Answer 28

70-200 lumbar puncture

3-15 ventricular