Brain Structure

Question 1

Efferent (conducting outward or away from the CNS)

Answer 1

motor neuron

Question 2

Afferent (conducting inward or toward the CNS)

Answer 2

sensory neuron

Question 3

White lipid covering

Answer 3

myelin sheath

Question 4

Enhance or inhibit neurons

Answer 4

neurotransmitters

Question 5

Brain and spinal cord

Answer 5

CNS

Question 6

Cranial and spinal nerves

Answer 6

PNS

Question 7

Protective layers of the brain

Answer 7

scalp, skull, meninges

Question 8

Which of the 3 layers of the scalp contains the blood vessels that contract poorly when injured

Answer 8

the middle layer

Question 9

Rigid cavity, contains 1400-1500 mL of volume

Answer 9

skull

Question 10

What are the bones of the skull

Answer 10

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

Question 11

3 depressions (anterior, middle, posterior) in the base of the skull

Answer 11

fossae

Question 12

Contains the frontal lobes

Answer 12

anterior fossae

Question 13

Contains the temporal, parietal and occipital lobes

Answer 13

middle fossae

Question 14

Contains the brain stem and cerebellum

Answer 14

posterior fossae

Question 15

Directly beneath the skull, consists of two layers. The outermost adheres to the skull. The inner layer extends into the cranial space.

Answer 15

dura mater

Question 16

Delicate, fragile membrane that surrounds the brain.

Answer 16

arachnoid membrane

Question 17

Below the arachnoid which consists of a fine web-like structure that connects to the pia mater. CSF and cerebral arteries and veins are located here.

Answer 17

subarachnoid space

Question 18

The innermost portion of the meninges, it follows all of the folds and convolutions of the brain’s surface.

Answer 18

pia mater

Question 19

Divisions of the brain

Answer 19

cerebrum, bran stem, cerebellum

Question 20

2 cerebral hemispheres joined by corpus callosum

Answer 20

telencephalon

Question 21

Parts of the brain stem

Answer 21

midbrain, pons, medulla

Question 22

The largest portion of the brain. It has two hemispheres which are linked by the corpus callosum which provides for the communication between the two hemispheres. There are four paired lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital. There is one other lobe, deep inside the cerebrum which is called the limbic lobe.

Answer 22

cerebrum

Question 23

Voluntary eye movement
Access to current sensory data
Access to past information or experience
Affective response to a situation
Regulates behavior based on judgment and foresight
Judgment
Ability to develop long term goals
Reasoning, concentration, abstraction
Higher cognitive functions

Answer 23

frontal lobe

Question 24

Motor strip for opposite side of body.

Answer 24

frontal lobe

Question 25

Broca’s area: located in the inferior frontal gyrus is responsible for the motor aspects of speech.
Damage here will cause expressive aphasia

Answer 25

frontal lobe

Question 26

Understands sensation, texture, size, shape and spatial relationships
Receives data from the skin (pain, heat, cold, pressure).

Answer 26

parietal lobe

Question 27

Sensory strip for the opposite of the body.
Awareness of position in space.
Processes sensory and spatial awareness
Key component in eye-hand coordination and arm movement.
Plays a role in our sensations of touch, smell, and taste

Answer 27

parietal lobe

Question 28

Wernicke’s Area for speech

Damage can cause receptive aphasia

Answer 28

temporal lobe

Question 29

Auditory center for sound interpretation
Special senses of taste and smell
Vestibular sense
Interpretative area…integrates sounds, thoughts and emotions
(memory, understanding music, aggressiveness, and sexual behavior).
Seizures (auditory, visual and sensory hallucinations)

Answer 29

temporal lobe

Question 30

Vision
Visual recognition of objects
Reading comprehension.
Damage here will cause blindness

Answer 30

occipital lobe

Question 31

Regulates emotion and memory. It directly connects the lower and higher brain functions. Is involved in the formation of long-term memory, and is closely associated with the olfactory structures.

Answer 31

limbic lobe

Question 32

The posterior part of the forebrain that connects the midbrain with the cerebral hemispheres, encloses the third ventricle, and contains the thalamus and hypothalamus.

Answer 32

diencephalon

Question 33

The gateway to the cerebral cortex, as nearly all sensory inputs pass through it to the higher levels of the brain. “inner room”

Answer 33

thalamus

Question 34

Interconnects with the limbic system, midbrain, thalamus, & pituitary gland (temperature, food/water intake, behavior, autonomic response, hormonal secretion of the pituitary gland, visible physical expressions (limbic- blushing, dry mouth, clammy hands)

Answer 34

hypothalamus

Question 35

It influences muscle tone associated with equilibrium, orientation in space, locomotion, and posture.

Answer 35

cerebellum

Question 36

Takes over the learned, repetitive tasks (riding a bike), while voluntary motor activity is located in the motor cortex.

Answer 36

cerebellum

Question 37

Helps provide smooth coordinated movement

Answer 37

cerebellum