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Neurobio Final > Spinal cord - Part II > Flashcards

Spinal cord - Part II Flashcards

1
Q

Which ascending tracts decussate in the spinal cord?

A
  • anterolateral system: anterior and lateral spinothalmic tracts
  • anterior spincerebellar tract
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2
Q

Where are the central processes of the 1st order neurons of the sensory afferent system located?

A

CNS

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3
Q

Do the central processes of the 1st order neurons in the CNS cross over? if so where?

A

some do, some dont
- in the anterior white commissure

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4
Q

Where are the sensory afferent processes of the 1st order neuron located in the fasciculus?

A

dorsal, anterior and lateral funiculus

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5
Q

What do pseudo-unipolar neurons in the sensory system do?

A
  • sensory detection
  • elongated part = cauda equina, descending tracts are long
  • inside still gets myelin sheath from oligodendrocytes
  • MS can affect cauda equina
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6
Q

What is in the DCML?

A
  • fasciculus gracilis
  • fasciculus cuneatus
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7
Q

Somatotopy is __________ in the DCML

A

maintained

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8
Q

Is there decussation in the spinal cord in the DCML?

A

NO

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9
Q

What medical emergency can happen at T6 of the DCML?

A

Autonomic dysreflexia

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10
Q

What levels contain the sympathetic 1st order neurons?

A

T1-L2
- maintain BP
- Above T6, decending tracts compromised = constrict blood vessels below, increase BP, reflexes decreased
-

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11
Q

Which is below T6?

A

fasciculus gracilis

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12
Q

Which is above T6?

A

fasciculus cuneatus

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13
Q

What functions do giant myeinate axons have?

A

propriocception, fine touch, and vibration

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14
Q

Where does sensory decussation happen?

A

caudal medulla

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15
Q

What forms the medial leminiscus?

A

2nd order neurons

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16
Q

What is another name for the anterolateral system?

A

spinthalmic tract (STT)

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17
Q

What kind of axons are in the STT?

A

poorly (i.e. A delta) or nonmyelinated (C-fiber) axons

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18
Q

Where do the axons in the STT synapse?

A

with 2nd order neurons in the dorsal horn, either 2 or 1

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19
Q

What is the function of the lateral spinothalmic tract?

A

sharp pain/temperature/crude touch/itch

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20
Q

Where does the lateral spinothalmic tract decussate?

A

anterior white commissure

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21
Q

Is the somatotopy maintained in the lateral spinothalmic tract?

A

YES

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22
Q

What is the function of the anterior spinothalmic tract?

A

Diffuse Pain
- aka 2nd pain
- c-fibers conduct signsals into spinal cord, project bilaterally, some cross over, some ascend through same side

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23
Q

Where does the anterior spinothalmic tract project?

A

bilaterally!

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24
Q

Is the somatotopy maintained in the anterior spinothalamic tract?

A

NO
- can lead to chronic pain

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25
Q

Where are the 2nd order neurons of the spinocerebellar tract located?

A

lateral funiculus, in Clarke’s Nucleus

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26
Q

How to the second order neruons in the posterior spincerebellar tract ascend to the cerebellum

A

ipsilaterally

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27
Q

What lamina has the 2nd order neurons of the posterior spinocerebellar tract?

A

Lamina VII

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28
Q

What is the function of the posterior spinocerebellar tract?

A

unconcious proprioception

  • important for learning new skills!
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29
Q

Where do the 2nd order neurons of the anterior spinocerebellar tract decussate?

A

anterior white commissure contralateral ascending to cerebellum

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30
Q

What is the function of the anterior spinocerebellar tract?

A
  • motor information

only sensory organs in muscle fibers = muscle spindle = motor to sensory “translator” change motion to sensory feedback

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31
Q

What tract does motor to sensory feedback?

A

Anterior spinocerebellar!

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32
Q

Which ascending pathways maintain their somatotopy?

A
  • DCML
  • lSTT
    (> lateral)
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33
Q

What is the medial to lateral presentation of the DCML?

A

lower to upper limb/neck

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34
Q

What is posterior to anterior of the DCML?

A

proprioception, vibration and fine touch

  • proprioception is posteriorly
  • vibration is middle
  • fine touch is inside closer to Lamina X
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35
Q

What is anterior to posterior of the lateral spinothalmic tract (lSTT)?

A

different modalities

  • i.e. pain, temp, crude touch
36
Q

What is lateral to medial with the lateral of the lateral spinothalmamic tract (lSTT)?

A

lower to upper limb/neck

37
Q

What can we detect modalities with a PCA stroke?

A

thalamic pain, due to the lSTT

38
Q

Which ascending tracts are uncrossed?

A
  • FG: fasciculus gracilis (LL below T6)
  • FC: fascuculus cuneatus (above T6)
  • LT: lissauer’s tract (arrives at C2 decussates into spinal trigemical tract for head)
  • DSCT and RSCT (dorsal and rostral)
    -> posteror spinocerebellar tract (maintains head potisition, chickens)
39
Q

Which ascending tracts are crossing?

A
  • STT: lateral spinothalamic tract (sharp pain, crude touch, temp)
  • VSCT: anterior spinocerebellar tract (motor info)
  • SRT: anterior STT, spinoreticular tract (c-fibers project bilat to many levels esp to RF in brainstem, why we have emotional cues with pain)
40
Q

Is the substantia gelatinosa in which lamina of the gray matter?

A
  • Lamina II: mainly the diffuse pain pathway
41
Q

Which fiber type do sharp pain?

A

A delta

  • usually for reflexes (i.e. hot touch, withdrawal)
42
Q

What is the orientation of the LMN in the ventral horn from medial to lateral?

A

trunk control medially, laterally for extremities
- Axial to distal extremity from medial to lateral

43
Q

What is the orientation of the LMN in the ventral horn from anterior to posterior?

A

Extensors anterior to flexors posterior

44
Q

What type of neurons are LMN in the ventral horn?

A
  • multipolar
45
Q

What do LMN in the ventral horn like to do?

A

cluster together - motor neuron pools/motor neuron nuclei
- never alone

46
Q

What is the largest muscle in the body and its innervation?

A

sartorious
- Femoral n (L2-L4)
- ASIS to pes anserine

47
Q

How are LMN in the ventral horn posittioned? How do they innervate muscles?

A

cranial to caudal and innervation of proximal to distal muscle fibers

48
Q

ALL descending tracts cross over before what?

A

medulla oblongata

  • BUT some tracts control both sides
49
Q

What does 70-90% of the lateral corticospinal (lCST) tract do?

A

decussation at pyramid

50
Q

What does 10-30% of the lateral corticospinal tract do?

A

ipsilateral lateral corticospinal tract withotu decussation
- descend on the same side, dont cross over
- can recover better if stroke here becuase ipsilateral

51
Q

Is the somatotopy maintained with the lateral corticospinal tract?

A

NO somatotopy maintained below the pons

52
Q

What are the lateral funiculus motor tracts?

A
  • lCST (lateral corticospinal tract)
  • RuST (rubrospinal tract)
  • mRST (Meduallary reticulospinal tract)
53
Q

Where does the rubrospinal tract run in the lateral funiculus?

A

red nucleus to spinal cord at upper thoracic level

54
Q

What does the medullary reticulospinal tract control?

A

flexors of extremities
- more distal = fine motor control
- more proximal = gross motor control

55
Q

All of which lateral funiculus tracts descend unilaterally?

A
  • All 1a, 2a, and mRST (2b) descending unilaterally
56
Q

What are the motor tracts in the anterior funiculus?

A
  • pRST (pontine reticulospinal tract)
  • mVST (medial vistibulospinal tract)
  • lVST (lateral vestibulospinal tract)
  • mCST (medial corticospinal tract)
57
Q

Where does the pontine reticulospinal tract run?

A
  • reticular formation in brain stem to spinal cord
58
Q

Where does the medial vestibulospinal tract end?

A

in the upper thoracic spinal cord

59
Q

Is the medial vestibulospinal tract more anterior or posterior to the lateral vestibulospinal tract?

A

medial and lateral

60
Q

What nuclei do the mVST and lVST come from?

A

the vestibular nuclei, CNVIII

61
Q

What happens with decussation of the medial corticospinal tract?

A

10-30% dont cross over

62
Q

Except for the lVST, all other anterior funiculus motor tracts descend ____________

A

bilaterally

  • project both sides through anterior white commissure
63
Q

What are the functions of the motor tracts descending anteiror funiculus?

A

trunk posterior control

64
Q

Which ascending tracts maintain somatotopy?

A
  • DCML system
  • Lateral spinothalamic tract
65
Q

What does propriospinal mean?

A

in spinal cord, never cross-talk with outside

66
Q

What are the propriospinal neurons in the spinal cord?

A
  • all interneurons
  • somata and axons only in the spinal cord
67
Q

What percentage of spinal nerurons are propriospinal?

68
Q

Where are propriospinal neurons mainly located?

A

surrounding gray matter and Rexed laminae III

69
Q

What is the fasciculus proprius?

A
  • propriospinal
  • 1 in medial projects bilaterally
  • 1 control only same side projects ipsilaterally
70
Q

What are propriospinal bilateral medial projections for?

A

trunk control

71
Q

What are bilateral ipsilateral propriospinal neurons and tracts for?

A

trunk or extremity control

72
Q

Propriospinal neurons are ______ pattern generators

A

central
- run by its self, automatic movements
- cut medulla oblongata but still able to walk on treadmill because is automatic

73
Q

Same side propriospinal neurons control what?

74
Q

Contralateral propriospinal neurons do what?

A

interact with other interneurons

75
Q

What are the symptoms produced by brown sequard syndrome?

A

Ipsilateral weakness and contralateral numbness

76
Q

What are the ipsilateral signs/symptoms of brown sequard?

A
  • motor functional loss
  • proprioception/vibration/fine touch loss
  • posterior spinocerebellar tract for unconcious proprioception impaired = balance issues
77
Q

What kind of injury is brown sequard?

A

hemispinal injury

78
Q

What are the contralateral signs/symptoms with brown sequard?

A
  • anterolateral system ~2 levels up
  • anterior spinocerebellar tract impaired: pain, crude touch, temp, cross over for motor functions, info back to cerebellum = ataxia! trouble walking!
79
Q

What is the level formula for Brown Sequard?

A

L = P + 2

  • so if T3, two above SCI at T1
  • L1 SCI patient will feel L3 dematomal pain
80
Q

What is a syrinx?

A
  • cyst in the spinal cord (syringomyelia) or brainstem (syringobulbia)
81
Q

What is compressed with a syrinx?

A

anterior white commissure

82
Q

What system is impaired with a syrinx?

A

bilateral anterolateral system
- results in “belt” of pain, may feel tight
- dermatome compromised

83
Q

What dermatome will have pain/paresthesia with a syrinx?

A
  • same dermatome bilaterally
84
Q

What kind of unique symptoms do you get with a syrinx above C2?

A

Head/scalp symptoms because spinal trigeminal tract descends to C2

85
Q

Above what spinal cord level do you get head and scalp syninx symptoms?

86
Q

Which descending tracts are in the lateral funiculus?

A
  • rubrospinal tract
  • lateral corticospinal tract
  • medullary reticulospinal tract
87
Q

A patient complains of belt-like numbness around the belly button. What is the most possible cause?

A

Syrinx

  • lesion located at T8 because T10-2 =T8
  • dermatome, SCI 2 levels up

Neurobio Final (9 decks)

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