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Neurobio Final > Spinal cord - Part I > Flashcards

Spinal cord - Part I Flashcards

1
Q

Which laminate of the spinal cord gray matter contains the parasympathetic motor neurons?

A

Lamina VII (or lamina IX in the lamina VII) of S2-S4 spinal cord level

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2
Q

What are lamina?

A
  • divide gray matter of spinal cord based on functions into 10 divisions
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3
Q

Where does the spinal cord start?

A

foramen magnum

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4
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

T12-L2

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5
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

central processes, part of CNS
- Horse tail

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6
Q

Why is there a mis match of spinal cord and vertebral column regions?

A
  • when born SC occupies all of canal, bones grow faster, SC shrinks, thoracic region ends at T10, cervical region matches
  • WHY HERNIATION COMPRESSES A LEVEL LOWER
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7
Q

What is the purpose of cervical enlargement?

A
  • Cervical Plexus: anterior neck (not much motor function)
  • Brachial Plexus: upper limb

Need more neurons to supply extremities!

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8
Q

What is the purpose of Lumbosacral enlargement?

A
  • lumbar plexus: anterior/medial thigh, leg+foot sensory
  • Sacral plexus: other parts of the lower limb i.e. gluteal region, posterior lower thigh, leg, foot
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9
Q

What does the vertebral column contain?

A

the spinal cord

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10
Q

What does the intervertebral foramen contain?

A

spinal nerves

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11
Q

What makes up the spinal canal?

A

vertebral foramen and sacral canal

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12
Q

What are the three layers of meninges in the spinal cord?

A
  1. Dura
  2. Arachnoid
  3. Pia
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13
Q

What does the dura matter form?

A

filum terminal externum lig, dura sac

  • lig fixes dura sac to coccyx
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14
Q

What are the functoins of the ligaments in the meninges?

A

fixes spinal cord so not so much mobility

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15
Q

What ligament does the arachnoid mater form?

A

NONE

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16
Q

What ligament does the pia mater form?

A
  • denticulate ligament (teeth like, fixes spinal cord ot dura mater and outside, remember “always gotta pee at the dentist”)
  • filum terminale internum
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17
Q

What is in the epidual space?

A

fat/vessels
- injury or bleeding is not an medical emergency like the brain

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18
Q

What is in the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF
- suspendes spinal cord in dural sac, provides mobility
- pushed out more than in if bleeding, still not an emergency

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19
Q

What is the subdural space?

A

potential space
- doesnt exist without bleeding, not a true space
- push out or in and not a big problem

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20
Q

What provides blood supply to the spinal cord?

A

1 anterior spinal artery
2 posterior spinal arterises
- Both get segmental support

  • 2 vertebral arteries ascend into cranium, each gives off a small branch, runs together to form anterior spinal artery
  • PICA gives off posterior spinal arteries
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21
Q

What is special about C6?

A

when the cervical arteries ascend through transverse foramen

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22
Q

What portion of the spinal cord is supplied by the anterior spinal artery?

A
  • 2/3 spinal cord, gives off central branches
  • alternating segment
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23
Q

What is important about the alternating segment of the anterior spinal artery?

A

Only to R or L
- small column of spinal cord supplied on respective side
- if blocked by stroke = produce S&S of Brown Sequard Syndrome, only 1/2 of spinal cord affected

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24
Q

Compare and contrast MS and GB

A

MS - CNS, oligodendrocyte myelin sheath
GB - PNS, Schwann cell myelin sheath

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25
Q

What does the anterior white commissure connect?

A

where white matter connects both sides of the spinal cord
- ascending tracts cross over
- level 1,2,4 motor control tracts descending cross over here too

26
Q

What kind of matter is more in the proximal spinal cord?

A

white matter

27
Q

What kind of matter is more in the distal spinal cord?

A

gray matter

28
Q

What is fasciculus cuneatus and where is it found?

A

FC, above T6
- more medial than FG
- mainly sensory
- white matter

29
Q

What is fasciculus gracilis and where is it found?

A

FG, below T6
- more lateral compared to FC
- ascending tracts
- white matter

30
Q

What is Lissauer’s tract?

A
  • dorsal horn has white matter, sensory tracts get in to spinal cord
  • white matter
31
Q

What are the components of grey matter?

A

substantial gelatinosa and intermediolateral horn

32
Q

What is substantia gelatinosa?

A
  • important for pain pathways and pain control
  • grey matter
33
Q

What is intermediolateral horn?

A
  • only on thoracic region T1-T2
  • 1st neuron for sympathetic 1st cell (Vm)
34
Q

How many rexed laminae are there?

35
Q

What is lamina I?

A

Marginal Zone
- all levels
- some spinothalmic tract cells

36
Q

What is lamina II?

A

substantial gelatinosa
- All levels
- modulate transmission of pain and temperature information
- SENSORY

37
Q

What is lamina III-VI?

A

Body of posterior horn
- all levels
- SENSORY PROCESSING

38
Q

What is lamina VII sensory?

A

Clarke’s Nucleus
- T1-T2
- Posterior spinocerebellar tract cells
- SENSORY

39
Q

What are lamina VII visceral motor functionS?

A

Intermediolateral column
- T1-L2
- pregangiolic sympathetic neurons
- 1st cell for parasympathetic nervous system

Sacral parasympathetic Nucleus
- S1-S4 (splanchnic nerve)
- Pregangioloic parasympathetic neurons to pelvic viscera
- 1st cell for parasympathetic nervous system

40
Q

What are the somatic motor function sof lamina IX?

A

Accessory Nucleus
- C1-C5
- Motor neurons to SCM and Trap
- CN XI

Phrenic Nucleus
- C3-C5
- motor neurons to diaphragm
- “C3, C4. C5 keep the diaphragh alive” - phrenic nerve

41
Q

What is Lissauer’s tract name when ascending?

A

Posterolateral fasciculus to Spinal Trigeminal Tract
- When ascending from spinal cord to medulla: where trunk and head run together, changes name
- Face and head sensory, descends to C2 level = posterolateral fasciculus

42
Q

What does the laminate II ~ IV transform into?

A

Spinal trigeminal nucelus
- descends to C2 level

43
Q

Which structures form the ligaments to improve the stability of the spinal cord in the spinal canal?

A
  • dura matter: filum terminale external segment
  • Pia mater: denticulate lig and filum terminale internal segment
44
Q

What Lamina do somatic motor/efferent functions for the whole spinal cord?

A

Lamina IX in lamina VIII

45
Q

What lamina do somatic sensory/afferent for the whole spinal cord except C1?

A

Lamina I~VI

  • C1 is ONLY Sm
46
Q

What kind of visceral motor functions are in T1-L2?

A

Sympathetic

47
Q

What kind of visceral motor functions are in S2-S4?

A

Parasympathetic

48
Q

What Lamina do the visceral motor/efferent functions for T1-L2 and S2-S4?

A

Lamina IX in Lamina VII

49
Q

What lamina do visceral sensory?

A

follows Vm
- Lamina I~VI

50
Q

What is the big difference between Ss and Vs?

51
Q

What does somatic motor control?

A
  • Body wall, extremity
  • Conscious sensation and volunarty motor control
52
Q

What does visceral motor control?

A
  • internal organs (some in skin)
    > i.e. intestines moving
  • subconscious sensation and involuntary motor control
    > i.e. cant control HR
53
Q

What does sympathetic motor in the T1~L2 spinal cord region but all spinal nerves?

A
  • sympathetic trunk: paravertebral ganglia
  • splanchnic nerves
  • sweat glands, arrector pili, blood vessels, visceral organs
  • adrenal gland medulla
54
Q

What do the splanchnic nerves go to?

A

prevertebral/preaortic ganglia
- anterior to aorta, parallel to vertebral column
- post ganglionic axons form splanchnic nerve to internal organs

55
Q

What kind of ganglion is the adrenal gland?

A

a sympathetic ganglion

56
Q

What CN do parasympathetic for brainstem?

A
  • CN III
  • CN VII
  • CN IX
  • CN X
57
Q

What does the spinal parasympathetic go to?

A

the sacral spinal cord
- pelvic splanchinc nerve S2-S4

58
Q

What does parasympathetic motor NOT supply?

A

the somatic wall
- sympathetic does, behaves like parasympathetic functions

59
Q

Which rexed laminae contains 1st cell of the visceral motor?

A

Laminae VII from T1~T2 and S2~S4

60
Q

How do the sympathetic motor functions distribute to all the spinal nerves?

A

sympathetic trunk and paravertebral ganglia

Neurobio Final (9 decks)

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