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NUR202 > Spinal Cord Injury > Flashcards

Spinal Cord Injury Flashcards

1
Q

CN I

A

olfactory – smell

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2
Q

CN II

A

optic – central, peripheral vision

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3
Q

CN III

A

ocularmotor – eye movement, pupil constriction

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4
Q

CN IV

A

trochlear – eye movement oblique

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5
Q

CN V

A

trigeminal – sensory perception everything on head, face, chewing

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6
Q

CN VI

A

abducens – eye movement rectus

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7
Q

CN VII

A

facial – pain and temp in ear area, face deep sensation, tongue taste, face and scalp muscles, face glands

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8
Q

CN VIII

A

vestibulocochlear – hearing, equilibrium

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9
Q

CN IX

A

glossopharyngeal – throat muscles, taste tongue and pharynx feels

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10
Q

CN X

A

vagus – muscles soft palate, larynx, pharynx, thoracic abdominal viscera, cardiac smooth muscle at splenic flexure

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11
Q

CN XI

A

accessory – skeletal muscles pharynx larynx, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius muscles

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12
Q

CN XII

A

hypoglossal – tongue muscles

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13
Q

ANS includes…

A

SNS and PNS – no conscious control

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14
Q

What CN are important to assess after stroke or traumatic brain injury?

A

CN II, III, IV, VI

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15
Q

What damage done after SCI?

A

lose motor function, sensory perception, reflex activity, bowel and bladder control

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16
Q

2 SCI classifications

A

complete and incomplete

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17
Q

complete SCI

A

spinal cord injury involving damage to functions below level of injury

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18
Q

incomplete SCI

A

more common than complete, injury that allow some function movement below site of injury

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19
Q

mechanisms of SCI injury

A

direct, subluxation, penetrating

20
Q

contusion, compression, laceration, transaction (severing)

A

destructive ways of SCI

21
Q

hyperflexion, hyperextension, axial loading, vertical compression, excessive rotation, penetrating trauma

A

primary causes of SCI

22
Q

head suddenly and forcefully accelerated forward, an extreme flexion of head

A

hyperflexion injury

23
Q

head suddenly accelerated then decelerated – stretches or tears anterior longitudinal ligament, fx or subluxates vertebrae, rupture intervertebral disk

A

hyperextension injury

24
Q

vertical compression – pieces enter spinal canal and damage cord

A

axial loading

25
Q

turning head beyond normal range

A

rotation injury

26
Q

classified by speed of object causing injury (knife, bullet)

A

penetrating trauma

27
Q

worsens primary SCI

A

secondary injury

28
Q

hemorrhage, ischemia, hypovolemia, impaired tissue perfusion neurogenic shock related, local edema

A

secondary injury examples

29
Q

contusion, petechial leaking into central gray matter then to white matter

A

hemorrhage of spinal cord

30
Q

results in shock and decreased perfusion to spinal cord

A

systemic hemorrhage

31
Q

occurs from primary and secondary injuries worsening capillary compression and cord ischemia

A

edema

32
Q

hypotension and bradycardia associated with cervical SCI injuries from autonomic function loss – greatest risk first 24 hrs – T6 and above injuries

A

neurogenic shock

33
Q

vehicle crashes, falls, violence (gunshot), sports, tumors

A

etiology of SCI

34
Q

80% of all in young males, cervical cord more prevalent than thoracic or lumbar injuries, C5 most common

A

incidence and prevalence of SCI

35
Q

loss of motor, sensory and reflex activity below SCI lesion – immediate after injury lasts 48 hours, but temporary

A

spinal shock

36
Q

paralysis of lower extremities

A

paraplegia

37
Q

weakness of lower extremities

A

paraparesis

38
Q

weakness of all 4 extremities

A

quadriparesis

39
Q

paralysis of all 4 extremities

A

quadriplegia

40
Q

decreased sensation

A

hypoesthesia

41
Q

increased sensation

A

hyperesthesia

42
Q

what to do when pt has decreased sensation from baseline in proximal (upward) dermatome

A

notify neurosurgeon

43
Q

scale that refers to dermatomes and myotomes for indication of neurological level

A

ASIA scale (American Spinal Injury Association)

44
Q

complication of prolonged immobility, bony overgrowth often into muscle

A

heterotopic ossification

45
Q

when pt takes breath and coughs during exhalation, use hands to push on diaphragm below ribcage

A

cough assist

46
Q

pulse ox <90 (aspiration, stridor, garbled speech, can’t clear airway), bradycardia with symptoms (reduced LOC and urine output), hypotension systolic <90 or MAP <65

A

emergency sx to notify physician

NUR202 (8 decks)

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