Neuro Concepts

Question 1

epidural hematoma

Answer 1

accumulation of clotted blood from arterial bleeding into space between dura and skull — emergency

Question 2

subdural hematoma

Answer 2

collection of clotted blood from venous bleeding into space beneath dura and above arachnoid

Question 3

intracerebral hemorrhage

Answer 3

bleeding within brain tissue from tearing of small arteries and veins in subcortical white matter (parenchyma)

Question 4

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 4

blood surrounding brain and in the CSF

Question 5

basilar skull fracture

Answer 5

fracture in skull causing raccoon eyes, battles sign, and leakage of clear fluid from nose

Question 6

Kelly Monroe Doctrine

Answer 6

principle of homeostatic intracerebral volume regulation (auto regulation of brain, CSF, and blood to fit into skull)

Question 7

Cerebral Perfusion Pressure

Answer 7

pressure gradient over which brain is perfused (Oxygenation, cerebral blood volume, blood pressure, cerebral edema, ICP) (MAP - ICP)

Question 8

Glasgow Coma Scale

Answer 8

assesses LOC from eyes, motor, and speech

Question 9

cerebral edema

Answer 9

swelling of the brain

Question 10

ICP monitoring

Answer 10

monitoring of intracranial pressure via ventriculostomy (EVD), a bolt, or lycox

Question 11

increased ICP

Answer 11

pressure is over 20 and must start treatment to decrease pressure in head

Question 12

decorticate posturing

Answer 12

arms are flexed with pointed toes

Question 13

decerebrate posturing

Answer 13

arms externally rotate away from side of body with pointed feet

Question 14

negative Doll’s Eyes

Answer 14

eyes stay midline when head is turned (brain stem not intact) —supposed to go in opposite direction