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NUR202 > Schizophrenia & Psychotic Disorders > Flashcards

Schizophrenia & Psychotic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Prevalence of schizophrenia worldwide?

A

1%

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2
Q

Co-concurrent conditions of schizophrenia?

A

anxiety, depression, substance abuse

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3
Q

Average age for schizophrenia?

A

18-25 men, 25-35 women and menopause

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4
Q

Gender difference ratio?

A

1:4, men prevalent

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5
Q

What risk factors for schizophrenia?

A

genetic, developmental, biochemical, environmental, psychosocial

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6
Q

Pathology schizophrenia?

A

complex interaction between genes and environment, genetic factors significant

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7
Q

Environmental risk factors of schizophrenia?

A

OB complications (flu exposure), infections, cannabis use, inflammation, cigarette smoking (increase rate nicotine use), immigration, poverty Low SES

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8
Q

What substance is a huge contribution to disorder?

A

cannabis – contributes to relapse

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9
Q

Neurobiology cause of schizophrenia?

A

excess dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, glutamate, GABA

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10
Q

What type of disease is schizophrenia?

A

biologically based – influenced by internal and external environment

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11
Q

What do schizophrenia patients experience?

A

scattered fragmented pattern of thinking

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12
Q

What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

content and form of thought, perceptions and sense of self

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13
Q

What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Affect and Avolition (difficulty with social function and occupation), impaired interpersonal function and psychomotor behavior, and impaired interpersonal function

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14
Q

Dx of schizophrenia?

A

chronic or recurrent psychosis, at least 1 month active phase, intermittent during 6 mo

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15
Q

What is psychosis?

A

severe mental condition of disorganization of personality, losing social functioning, loss of contact with or distortion of reality

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16
Q

What does a schizophrenic person have difficulty forming?

A

Ego – disturbed self perception

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17
Q

How long for sx to be diagnosed with schizophreniform?

A

less than 6 mo

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18
Q

What are part of positive symptoms content of thought?

A

delusions, religiosity, paranoia, magical thinking

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19
Q

What are delusions?

A

false personal beliefs (thinks we don’t exist or CEO of large company)

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20
Q

What is religiosity?

A

too much demonstration of obsession with religious ideas and behavior

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21
Q

What is paranoia?

A

extreme suspiciousness of others

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22
Q

What is magical thinking?

A

ideas that one’s thoughts or behaviors have control over specific situations

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23
Q

What are part of positive symptoms form of thought?

A

associative looseness, neologisms, concrete thinking, clang associations, word salad, circumstantiality, tangentiality, mutism, perseveration

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24
Q

What is associative looseness?

A

shift of ideas from one unrelated topic to another

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25
Q

What are neologisms?

A

made-up words have meaning only to person who invents them

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26
Q

What is concrete thinking?

A

literal interpretations of the environment

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27
Q

What are clang associations?

A

words chosen by sound, rhyming

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28
Q

What is a word salad?

A

group of words put together randomly

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29
Q

What is circumstantiality?

A

delay in reaching point of communication

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30
Q

What is tangentiality?

A

inability to get to the point of communication, introduces too many new topics

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31
Q

What is mutism?

A

can’t or does not want to speak

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32
Q

What is perseveration?

A

persistent repetition of the same word or idea in response to different questions

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33
Q

How will see forms of thought of schizophrenia patients?

A

by speech, observing them talk

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34
Q

What are positive symptoms of perception?

A

hallucinations, illusions

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35
Q

What are hallucinations?

A

false sensory perceptions not associated with real external stimuli

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36
Q

Types of hallucinations?

A

auditory, visual, tactile (crawling), gustatory (metallic), olfactory

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37
Q

What are illusions?

A

misperceptions of real external stimuli (seeing things not really there)

38
Q

What is perception?

A

interpretation of stimuli through the senses

39
Q

What is sense of self?

A

uniqueness and individuality a person feels

40
Q

What are part of positive symptoms of sense of self?

A

echolalia, echopraxia, identification and imitation, depersonalization

41
Q

What is echolalia?

A

repeating words that are heard

42
Q

What is echopraxia?

A

repeating movements that are observed

43
Q

What is identification and imitation?

A

taking on form of behavior one observes in another

44
Q

What is depersonalization?

A

feelings of unreality (trying to figure out what is going on)

45
Q

What is affect?

A

feeling state or emotional tone

46
Q

What are negative symptoms of affect?

A

inappropriate affect, bland or blunted, flat, apathy

47
Q

What is inappropriate affect?

A

emotions are incongruent with the circumstances

48
Q

What is bland or blunted?

A

weak emotional tone

49
Q

What is flat?

A

has no emotional tone

50
Q

What is apathy?

A

disinterest in the environment

51
Q

What are negative symptoms of avolition?

A

emotional ambivalence, deterioration in appearance

52
Q

What is avolition?

A

impaired ability to initiate goal-directed activity

53
Q

What is emotional ambivalence?

A

coexistence of opposite emotions toward same object, person, or situation

54
Q

What is deterioration in appearance?

A

impaired self-care and grooming

55
Q

What are negative symptoms of impaired interpersonal functioning and relationship to external world?

A

impaired social interaction, social isolation

56
Q

Describe impaired social interaction?

A

clinging and intruding on personal space of others, behaviors not culturally or socially acceptable

57
Q

Describe social isolation?

A

focus inward on self and excludes external environment

58
Q

What are negative symptoms of psychomotor behavior?

A

anergia, waxy flexibility, posturing. pacing and rocking

59
Q

What is anergia?

A

without energy

60
Q

What is waxy flexibility?

A

passive yielding of all movable parts of body to any effort made at placing them certain positions

61
Q

What is posturing?

A

voluntary assumption of inappropriate or bizarre postures

62
Q

Type of symptom of anhedonia, regression, anosognosia

A

negative symptoms

63
Q

inability to experience pleasure

A

anhedonia

64
Q

retreat to an earlier level of development

A

regression

65
Q

lack of awareness of illness or disorder even when symptoms are severely impairing and obvious to others

A

anosognosia

66
Q

phases of schizophrenia

A

premorbid, prodromal, active, residual

67
Q

signs occur before real evidence of illness – shy and withdrawn, poor peer relationships, bad in school, antisocial behavior

A

phase I – premorbid

68
Q

lasts between 2-5 years. signs of function deterioration, social withdrawal

A

phase II – prodromal

69
Q

psychotic symptoms obvious – delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, negative symptoms,

A

phase III – active schizophrenia

70
Q

after active phase of illness, symptoms from active phase are absent or not obvious, negative symptoms stay

A

phase IV - residual

71
Q

return to full premorbid functioning not common

A

prognosis

72
Q

good premorbid functioning, later age onset, female, cause from stressful event, mood disturbance associated, brief active-phase sx, little residual sx, absent brain structure abnormalities, normal neuro functioning, has family history of mood disorder, no fam hx schizophrenia

A

factors of good prognosis

73
Q

existence of prominent, nonbizarre delusions

A

delusional disorder

74
Q

erotomania type, grandiose type, jealous type, persecutory types, somatic type

A

delusional disorders

75
Q

sudden onset sx, less than 1 mo, returns to full premorbid level of function

A

brief psychotic disorder

76
Q

obvious hallucinations and delusions judged to be connected to substance intoxication or withdrawal

A

substance-induced psychotic disorder

77
Q

what med to treat delirium?

A

haloperidol

78
Q

obvious hallucinations and delusions directly related to medical condition, dx cannot be made in presence of delirium

A

psychotic disorder associated with another medical condition

79
Q

CNS infections, hypo or hyperthyroidism, migraines, renal disease

A

medical conditions causing psychotic disorder

80
Q

associated with other psychotic disorders, like brief, schizophreniform, schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and substance induced psychotic disorder

A

catatonic feature specifier

81
Q

stupor and muscle rigidity, excessive-purposeless motor activity, waxy flexibility, negativism, echolalia, echopraxia

A

examples of catatonic disorder

82
Q

has same sx schizophrenia, only occurs for at least 1 mo but less than 6 mo

A

schizophreniform disorder

83
Q

schizophrenic sx with strong mood disorder sx – mania and depression, occur at least 2 weeks positive sx then back to baseline

A

schizoaffective disorder

84
Q

for positive sx, risk of EPS and TD – but lower risk cardiometabolic side effects, cheap

A

first generation antipsychotics

85
Q

for positive and negative sx, low risk EPS and TD, risk cardio metabolic side effects, $$$$

A

second generation antipsychotics

86
Q

meds used PRN for acute agitation

A

haloperidol, lorazepam, olanzapine

87
Q

lorazepam and olanzapine class

A

benzodiazepine

88
Q

haloperidol class

A

antipsychotic

89
Q

oldest 2nd generation needs additional monitoring bc of what

A

clozapine – agranulocytosis

90
Q

block postsynaptic dopamine receptors in basal ganglia, hypothalamus, limbic system, medulla – cholinergic, epinephrine, histamine affected

A

typical antipsychotics – 1st generation

91
Q

weak dopamine receptor blockers, more potent blockers or serotonin receptors – goes against cholinergic, epinephrine, and histamine receptors

A

atypical antipsychotics – 2nd generation

NUR202 (8 decks)

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