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Schizophrenia & Psychotic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Prevalence of schizophrenia worldwide?

A

1%

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2
Q

Co-concurrent conditions of schizophrenia?

A

anxiety, depression, substance abuse

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3
Q

Average age for schizophrenia?

A

18-25 men, 25-35 women and menopause

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4
Q

Gender difference ratio?

A

1:4, men prevalent

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5
Q

What risk factors for schizophrenia?

A

genetic, developmental, biochemical, environmental, psychosocial

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6
Q

Pathology schizophrenia?

A

complex interaction between genes and environment, genetic factors significant

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7
Q

Environmental risk factors of schizophrenia?

A

OB complications (flu exposure), infections, cannabis use, inflammation, cigarette smoking (increase rate nicotine use), immigration, poverty Low SES

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8
Q

What substance is a huge contribution to disorder?

A

cannabis – contributes to relapse

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9
Q

Neurobiology cause of schizophrenia?

A

excess dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, glutamate, GABA

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10
Q

What type of disease is schizophrenia?

A

biologically based – influenced by internal and external environment

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11
Q

What do schizophrenia patients experience?

A

scattered fragmented pattern of thinking

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12
Q

What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

content and form of thought, perceptions and sense of self

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13
Q

What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Affect and Avolition (difficulty with social function and occupation), impaired interpersonal function and psychomotor behavior, and impaired interpersonal function

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14
Q

Dx of schizophrenia?

A

chronic or recurrent psychosis, at least 1 month active phase, intermittent during 6 mo

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15
Q

What is psychosis?

A

severe mental condition of disorganization of personality, losing social functioning, loss of contact with or distortion of reality

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16
Q

What does a schizophrenic person have difficulty forming?

A

Ego – disturbed self perception

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17
Q

How long for sx to be diagnosed with schizophreniform?

A

less than 6 mo

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18
Q

What are part of positive symptoms content of thought?

A

delusions, religiosity, paranoia, magical thinking

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19
Q

What are delusions?

A

false personal beliefs (thinks we don’t exist or CEO of large company)

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20
Q

What is religiosity?

A

too much demonstration of obsession with religious ideas and behavior

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21
Q

What is paranoia?

A

extreme suspiciousness of others

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22
Q

What is magical thinking?

A

ideas that one’s thoughts or behaviors have control over specific situations

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23
Q

What are part of positive symptoms form of thought?

A

associative looseness, neologisms, concrete thinking, clang associations, word salad, circumstantiality, tangentiality, mutism, perseveration

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24
Q

What is associative looseness?

A

shift of ideas from one unrelated topic to another

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25
What are neologisms?
made-up words have meaning only to person who invents them
26
What is concrete thinking?
literal interpretations of the environment
27
What are clang associations?
words chosen by sound, rhyming
28
What is a word salad?
group of words put together randomly
29
What is circumstantiality?
delay in reaching point of communication
30
What is tangentiality?
inability to get to the point of communication, introduces too many new topics
31
What is mutism?
can't or does not want to speak
32
What is perseveration?
persistent repetition of the same word or idea in response to different questions
33
How will see forms of thought of schizophrenia patients?
by speech, observing them talk
34
What are positive symptoms of perception?
hallucinations, illusions
35
What are hallucinations?
false sensory perceptions not associated with real external stimuli
36
Types of hallucinations?
auditory, visual, tactile (crawling), gustatory (metallic), olfactory
37
What are illusions?
misperceptions of real external stimuli (seeing things not really there)
38
What is perception?
interpretation of stimuli through the senses
39
What is sense of self?
uniqueness and individuality a person feels
40
What are part of positive symptoms of sense of self?
echolalia, echopraxia, identification and imitation, depersonalization
41
What is echolalia?
repeating words that are heard
42
What is echopraxia?
repeating movements that are observed
43
What is identification and imitation?
taking on form of behavior one observes in another
44
What is depersonalization?
feelings of unreality (trying to figure out what is going on)
45
What is affect?
feeling state or emotional tone
46
What are negative symptoms of affect?
inappropriate affect, bland or blunted, flat, apathy
47
What is inappropriate affect?
emotions are incongruent with the circumstances
48
What is bland or blunted?
weak emotional tone
49
What is flat?
has no emotional tone
50
What is apathy?
disinterest in the environment
51
What are negative symptoms of avolition?
emotional ambivalence, deterioration in appearance
52
What is avolition?
impaired ability to initiate goal-directed activity
53
What is emotional ambivalence?
coexistence of opposite emotions toward same object, person, or situation
54
What is deterioration in appearance?
impaired self-care and grooming
55
What are negative symptoms of impaired interpersonal functioning and relationship to external world?
impaired social interaction, social isolation
56
Describe impaired social interaction?
clinging and intruding on personal space of others, behaviors not culturally or socially acceptable
57
Describe social isolation?
focus inward on self and excludes external environment
58
What are negative symptoms of psychomotor behavior?
anergia, waxy flexibility, posturing. pacing and rocking
59
What is anergia?
without energy
60
What is waxy flexibility?
passive yielding of all movable parts of body to any effort made at placing them certain positions
61
What is posturing?
voluntary assumption of inappropriate or bizarre postures
62
Type of symptom of anhedonia, regression, anosognosia
negative symptoms
63
inability to experience pleasure
anhedonia
64
retreat to an earlier level of development
regression
65
lack of awareness of illness or disorder even when symptoms are severely impairing and obvious to others
anosognosia
66
phases of schizophrenia
premorbid, prodromal, active, residual
67
signs occur before real evidence of illness -- shy and withdrawn, poor peer relationships, bad in school, antisocial behavior
phase I -- premorbid
68
lasts between 2-5 years. signs of function deterioration, social withdrawal
phase II -- prodromal
69
psychotic symptoms obvious -- delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, negative symptoms,
phase III -- active schizophrenia
70
after active phase of illness, symptoms from active phase are absent or not obvious, negative symptoms stay
phase IV - residual
71
return to full premorbid functioning not common
prognosis
72
good premorbid functioning, later age onset, female, cause from stressful event, mood disturbance associated, brief active-phase sx, little residual sx, absent brain structure abnormalities, normal neuro functioning, has family history of mood disorder, no fam hx schizophrenia
factors of good prognosis
73
existence of prominent, nonbizarre delusions
delusional disorder
74
erotomania type, grandiose type, jealous type, persecutory types, somatic type
delusional disorders
75
sudden onset sx, less than 1 mo, returns to full premorbid level of function
brief psychotic disorder
76
obvious hallucinations and delusions judged to be connected to substance intoxication or withdrawal
substance-induced psychotic disorder
77
what med to treat delirium?
haloperidol
78
obvious hallucinations and delusions directly related to medical condition, dx cannot be made in presence of delirium
psychotic disorder associated with another medical condition
79
CNS infections, hypo or hyperthyroidism, migraines, renal disease
medical conditions causing psychotic disorder
80
associated with other psychotic disorders, like brief, schizophreniform, schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and substance induced psychotic disorder
catatonic feature specifier
81
stupor and muscle rigidity, excessive-purposeless motor activity, waxy flexibility, negativism, echolalia, echopraxia
examples of catatonic disorder
82
has same sx schizophrenia, only occurs for at least 1 mo but less than 6 mo
schizophreniform disorder
83
schizophrenic sx with strong mood disorder sx -- mania and depression, occur at least 2 weeks positive sx then back to baseline
schizoaffective disorder
84
for positive sx, risk of EPS and TD -- but lower risk cardiometabolic side effects, cheap
first generation antipsychotics
85
for positive and negative sx, low risk EPS and TD, risk cardio metabolic side effects, $$$$
second generation antipsychotics
86
meds used PRN for acute agitation
haloperidol, lorazepam, olanzapine
87
lorazepam and olanzapine class
benzodiazepine
88
haloperidol class
antipsychotic
89
oldest 2nd generation needs additional monitoring bc of what
clozapine -- agranulocytosis
90
block postsynaptic dopamine receptors in basal ganglia, hypothalamus, limbic system, medulla -- cholinergic, epinephrine, histamine affected
typical antipsychotics -- 1st generation
91
weak dopamine receptor blockers, more potent blockers or serotonin receptors -- goes against cholinergic, epinephrine, and histamine receptors
atypical antipsychotics -- 2nd generation

NUR202 (8 decks)

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