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Block 3: Anatomy > Spinal cord: ascending tracts > Flashcards

Spinal cord: ascending tracts Flashcards

1
Q

What type of sensation is detected by Meissner Corpuscle receptors?

A

Discriminative touch

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2
Q

What receptors detect deep pressure and vibrations?

A

Pacinian Corpuscle receptors

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3
Q

What types of sensation do free nerve endings detect?

A

Pain

Temperature

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4
Q

What receptors detect light touch?

A

Merkel cells

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5
Q

What do Ruffini endings detect?

A

Touch

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6
Q

What are the 3 types of interconnection fibres in the cortex?

A

Projection fibres
Association fibres
Commissural fibres

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7
Q

What type of interconnection fibres makes up the corpus callosum?

A

Commissural fibres

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8
Q

What types of dysfunction would be caused by damage to the internal capsule?

A

Contralateral motor and sensory symptoms

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9
Q

What makes up the internal capsule?

A

Anterior limb
Genu (bend/ angle)
Posterior limb
Retrolenticular

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10
Q

Where does the retrolenticular of the internal capsule sit?

A

Behind the lentiform nucleus

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11
Q

What are the 2 main nuclei of the thalami?

A

Ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPM)

Ventral posterior lateral nucleus (VPL)

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12
Q

Where do the VPM and VPL receive their input from?

A 
VPM = head and face
VPL = limbs and trunk
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13
Q

What are the identifying features of a cervical or a lumbar spinal cross section?

A

Large grey horns (due to large population of neurons required to innervate upper limbs)

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14
Q

What are the identifying features of a thoracic spinal cross section?

A

Small grey horns

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15
Q

What are the identifying features of a sacral spinal cross section?

A

Small white matter tracts

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16
Q

What is the fasciculus cuneatus?

A

Section of dorsal column that receives input from above T6 (e.g. arms)

17
Q

What section of the dorsal column receives input from below T6 (e.g. legs)?

A

Fasciculus Gracilis

18
Q

What does the dorsal columns pathway detect?

A

Discriminative touch
Vibrations
Conscious proprioception

19
Q

What is the route of the dorsal columns pathway (from the trunks and limbs)?

A
  1. 1st order neurons pass into dorsal cord and ascend ipsilaterally to the lower medulla
  2. 1st order neurons synapse with 2nd order neurons in the lower medulla
  3. 2nd order neurons dessucate and ascend to VPL of the thalamus
  4. 2nd order neurons synapse with 3rd order neurons at the thalamus
  5. 3rd order neurons travel to the primary sensory cortex
20
Q

What is the route of the dorsal columns pathway (from the face)?

A
  1. 1st order (trigeminal nerve sensory) neurons enter the Pons and synapse in the CN V nucleus
  2. 2nd order neurons ascend in the trigeminal leminscus to the VPM of the thalamus
  3. 3rd order neurons pass to the primary sensory cortex
21
Q

What can cause damage to the spinal column?

A

Infarction
Infection
Compression (e.g. tumour, trauma)
B12 deficiency

22
Q

What is psuedoathetosis?

A

Writhing of the digits, hands and feet (due to loss of conscious proprioception)

23
Q

What would damage to the dorsal columns result in?

A

Loss of discriminative touch, vibration and conscious proprioception below the level of lesion

24
Q

What information does the spinothalamic tract relay?

A

Pain
Temperature
Simple touch

25
Q

What is the route of the spinothalamic tract?

A
  1. 1st order neurons from the body ascend ipsilaterally for 1-2 vertebral levels in the Tract of Lissaeur
  2. Synpase with 2nd order neuron
  3. Decussates across the anterior white commissure
  4. Ascends in the spinothalamic tract to the ventral posterior lateral nucleus of thalamus
  5. Synapses with 3rd order neuron in VPL thalamic nucleus
  6. Travels to primary sensory cortex
26
Q

What is syringomyelia?

A

Cavitation/ expansion of central spinal canal in cervical region
Damages neurons decussating at expansion site
Causes loss of pain, temperature and simple touch sensations in arms, upper back and upper thorax

27
Q

How is the spinothalamic tract organised?

A

Somatotopically

Dorsal to ventral: sacral, leg, arm/thorax, head/neck

28
Q

What is sacral sparing?

A

Expanding ventral grey matter tumour can knock out contralateral pain and temperature sensations but may not affect sacral region

29
Q

What information do the spinocerebellar tracts relay?

A

Unconscious proprioception

Monitors muscle length, speed of contraction and tension

30
Q

What route does the dorsal spinocerebellar tract take from the lower limbs?

A
  1. Lower limb muscle spindle information enters cord
  2. Synapses in Clarke’s Dorsal Nucleus (in the white matter)
  3. Ascends ipsilaterally in the DSCT
  4. Ends in cerebellum
31
Q

What is Freidrich’s ataxia?

A

Inherited disorder causing degeneration of the DSCT

Causes loss of sensation/ coordination in arms and legs, speech impairments, muscle wasting

32
Q

What route does the dorsal spinocerebellar tract take from the upper limbs?

A
  1. Upper limb muscle spindle information runs with the Fasciculus Cuneatus (dorsal column)
  2. Synapses in Pons
  3. Proceeds with cuneocerebellar to the cerebellum
33
Q

What route does the ventral spinocerebellar tract take from the lower limbs?

A
  1. LMN enters spinal cord and synapses with UMN
  2. Decussates at level of synapse
  3. Ascends spinal cord and decussates at Cerebellum
34
Q

What route does the ventral spinocerebellar tract take from the upper limbs?

A
  1. Upper limb golgi tendon information passes through the Rostral spinocerebellar tract
  2. LMN synapses with UMN at level of entry to spinal cord
  3. Ends in cerebellum
35
Q

How does information from dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tracts differ?

A

Information in DSCT mainly from muscle spindles

Information in VSCT mainly from golgi tendon organs

Block 3: Anatomy (8 decks)

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